Table 3 Direct costs associated with NSIs

Testing for blood-borne viruses [6, 26–30] in:

  NSI recipient – initial test

  NSI recipient – follow-up test

  Source patient (if known)

Cost of staffing and administration per NSI [26, 31]

Cost of PEP for hepatitis B and HIV [19, 25, 32, 33] per:

  NSI from a known and infected source

  NSI from an unknown source

Cost of treatment of blood-borne viruses [19, 25, 34–38]:

  Hepatitis B (year in which NSI occurred and per subsequent year for three years)

  Hepatitis C (year in which NSI occurred only)

  HIV (year in which NSI occurred and per subsequent year)