Effects of immigrant status on Emergency Room (ER) utilisation by children under age one: a population-based study in the province of Reggio Emilia (Italy)

Table 3 ER visits: crude and adjusted utilisation Rate Ratio (RR) and 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI), Reggio Emilia (Italy), 2008-2010

Characteristics	Crude RR	95% CI	Adjusted RR*	95% CI
Citizenship
Italian	1.00	-	1.00	-
Immigrant^	1.67	1.54-1.80	1.51	1.39-1.63
*Geographical Area*
Central and Eastern Europe (n = 639)	1.74	1.52-1.98	1.55	1.36-1.77
Asia (n = 695)	1.26	1.11-1.44	1.10	0.96-1.25
Northern Africa (n = 735)	1.77	1.57-2.00	1.60	1.42-1.81
Sub-Saharan Africa (n = 223)	2.31	1.89-2.83	2.12	1.75-2.59
Latin America (n = 91)	1.86	1.34-2.59	1.86	1.36-2.54
Mother’s educational level
high	1.00	-	1.00	-
medium	1.13	1.02-1.25	1.09	0.99-1.21
low	1.71	1.54-1.90	1.51	1.36-1.68
trend	p ^§ < 0.001		p ^§ < 0.001
Age at delivery
age <25	1.61	1.38-1.88	1.23	1.06-1.44
age 25-34	1.00	-	1.00	-
age > =35	0.98	0.90-1.06	1.03	0.95-1.11
Child gender
Male	1.00	-	1.00	-
Female	0.88	0.82-0.95	0.89	0.82-0.95
Previous live birth
None	1.00	-	1.00	-
At least one	0.86	0.80-0.92	0.80	0.75-0.87
Likelihood-ratio test for alpha = 0	-	-	p < 0.001
Vuong test			p = 0.099

* Adjusted utilisation Rate Ratio (RR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were obtained using multivariate negative binomial regression model with citizenship, mother’s educational level, age at delivery, child gender, and previous live birth as covariates.
^ Immigrants from HMC were classified by geographical area according to WHO criteria. There were no children whose mother was of Western Pacific origin.
§p value for linear trend test.

ISSN: 1472-6963