The effects of improving hospital physicians working conditions on patient care: a prospective, controlled intervention study

Table 4 Physicians’ work organization for group and over time

		Intervention departments				Control departments				Significance testing
		Baseline		Follow-up		Baseline		Follow-up		Group x Time
		N = 19		N = 21		N = 19		N = 16		(ANOVA)
Indicators of hospital physicians’ work conditions		M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	M	SD	F(df = 1); p
1	Workflow interruptions	4.04	.67	3.77	.68	4.05	.59	4.06	.47	0.69; n. s.
2	Conflicts in role and task demands	3.42	.60	2.83	.67	3.30	.82	3.27	.64	3.03; .09 ^†
3	Colleague support	3.11	.77	3.38	.74	3.58	.68	3.31	.46	2.91; .09 ^†
4	Quality losses	3.12	.95	2.83	.73	2.98	.93	2.83	.74	0.54; n. s.
5	Quality of cooperation with patient relatives	3.47	.51	3.71	.56	3.74	.65	3.44	.63	3.90; .05*
6	Quality of cooperation with nursing staff	3.74	.73	4.05	.59	4.00	.88	3.81	.66	2.21; n. s.

Note: N Number of Physicians, M Mean, SD Standard deviation, Scale Range: Scale of indicators 1-4 1 = “not at all” to 5 = “yes, to a very great extent”; Scale of Indicators 5 and 6 1 = “very bad” to 5 = “very good”; *p < .05 Significance level, †p < .10 Significance level.