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Table 3 Mean scores of each sub-dimension in the different working hour groups

From: The impact of nurse working hours on patient safety culture: a cross-national survey including Japan, the United States and Chinese Taiwan using the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture

 

Japan

U.S.

Taiwan

(n= 4,047)

(n= 106,710)

(n= 5,714)

Sub-dimensions

<40 h

40–60 h

≥60 h

<40 h

40–60h

≥60 h

<40 h

40–60 h

≥60 h

(n= 930)

(n=2,352)

(n= 217)

(n= 61,904)

(n= 35,488)

(n= 5,656)

(n= 936)

( n= 4,226)

(n= 466)

Frequency of Event Reporting

12.4

12.5

12.3

11.0

11.2

11.2

9.3

9.3

9.4

Overall Perceptions of Safety

14.0

13.7

13.5

13.8

13.9

13.5

13.2

13.4

13.1

Supervisor/Manager Expectations & Actions Promoting Safety

15.0

14.8

14.8

15.2

15.3

14.9

14.4

14.7

14.2

Organizational Learning-Continuous Improvement

10.7

10.6

10.6

11.2

11.3

11.2

11.6

11.7

11.5

Teamwork within Hospital Units

15.3

15.1

14.6*

15.8

15.7

15.4

15.5

15.5

14.9*

Communication Openness

10.6

10.5

10.4

10.9

11.0

10.7*

9.8

9.8

9.2*

Feedback and Communication about Error

11.

11.1

11.0

10.8

11.0

10.9

10.1

10.2

9.9

Nonpunitive Response–Error

9.7

9.6

9.4

9.4

9.5

9.0

8.6

8.7

8.0*

Staffing

12.2

11.8

10.9*

13.7

13.5

13.1*

12.0

11.9

10.6*

Hospital Management Support for Patient Safety

10.4

10.3

10.2

10.7

10.8

10.6

10.6

10.6

10.2*

Teamwork Across Hospital Units

13.2

13.0

12.9

13.4

13.3

13.2

13.6

13.7

13.1*

Hospital Handoffs & Transitions

12.7

12.5

12.2

12.8

12.

12.2

12.8

12.7

12.3

  1. Each dimension is rated from 1–5 points and has three or four items resulting in a mean score of a dimension either from 3–15 points or 4–20 points; SD standard deviation.
  2. *Cohen’s d ≥ 0.2 and P < 0.05, compared with the <40-h group.