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Table 3 Nature of ADEs in all inpatients

From: Occurrence and preventability of adverse drug events in surgical patients: a systematic review of literature

Data

Classen 1991[17]

Bates 1993[14]

Bates 1995[15]

Lazarus 2003[18]

Berga Cullere 2008[16]

Morimoto 2011[19]

Severity ADEs

101 (14%) Severe

-

3 (1%) Death

-

-

16 (2%) Death

600 (82%) Moderate

 

30 (12%) Life-threatening

49 (5%) Life-threatening

30 (4%) Mild

 

73 (30%) Serious

  

330 (33%) Serious

141 (57%) Significant

615 (61%) Significant

Severity Preventable ADEs

-

-

0 Death

-

4 (4%) Life-threatening, 10 (11%) Severe

-

14 (20%) Life threatening

77 (85%) Moderate

 

30 (43%) Serious

26 (37%) Significant

Causality ADEs

450 (62%) Definite

56% Probable

-

-

2 (1%) Definite

-

276 (38%) Probable

44% Possible †

98 (51%) Likely

 

5 (1%) Possible

   

55 (29%) Possible

 

39 (20%) Unclassified

 

Medication accountable for ADEs

227 (31%) Analgesics

25% Antibiotics

73 (30%) Analgesics

86 (88%) Analgesics

32 (16%) Antibiotics

365 (36%) Antibiotics

171 (23%) Antibiotics

15% Cardiac

59 (24%) Antibiotics

5 (5%) Anti-coagulants

18 (9%) Opiates

87 (9%) Sedatives

142 (19%) Cardiovascular

12% Anticoagulants

20 (8%) Sedatives

3 (3%) Antianxiety

11 (6%) Corticoids

78 (8%) NSAIDs

68 (9%) Anti-coagulants

48% Other †

18 (7%) Antineoplastics

2 (2%) Diuretics

10 (5%) Analgesics

73 (7%) Laxatives

18 (2%) Psychotherapeutic ¥

 

9 (4%) Cardiovascular ¥

2 (2%) Antibiotics

8 (4%) Diuretics ¥

52 (5%) Antihypertensives ¥

Medication accountable for Preventable ADEs

-

-

20 (29%) Analgesics

-

-

26 (18%) Electrolytes

6 (9%) Antibiotics

25 (18%) NSAIDs

7 (10%) Sedatives

19 (13%) Antibiotics

5 (7%) Antipsychotic

9 (6%) Antihypertensives

4 (6%) Diabetes ¥

6 (4%) Other analgesics ¥

Stage of medication errors associated with Preventable ADEs

-

-

39 (56%) Ordering

-

-

45 (35%) Ordering

4 (6%) Transcription

0 Transcription

3 (4%) Dispensing

0 Dispensing

24 (34%) Administration

15 (11%) Administration

77 (55%) Monitoring

  1. † The study provided percentages, no rough data were available; ¥ The list of medication accountable for ADEs consisted of more than 5 items in these studies, only the top 5 of that list is displayed here.