Occurrence and preventability of adverse drug events in surgical patients: a systematic review of literature

Table 1 Study characteristics

Reference	Country	No. of hospitals	No. of admissions	Inclusion period	Quality score*	Method of patient selection	Wards	Voluntary/incident reporting	Chart review	Direct observation	Computerized monitoring	Endpoints
Classen[17]	USA	1	36,653	1989-1990	13	All patients admitted to the hospital	SGC, MGC, OG	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Number and characteristics of ADEs
Bates[14]	USA	1	420	1990	14	All patients admitted to the study wards	SGC, MGC, OG, CICU	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Incidence and preventability of ADEs
Bates[15]	USA	2	4,031	1993	14	All adult patients admitted to the study wards	SGC, MGC, SICU, MICU	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Incidence and preventability of ADEs, and potential ADEs
Lazarus[18]	USA	1	4,320	1996-1999	13	All trauma patients admitted to the hospital	Trauma	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Rate and nature of ADEs
Berga Culleré[16]	Spain	5	1,550	2007	15	All adult patients admitted to the study wards receiving pharmacological treatment > 48 hours	SGC, MGC	No	Yes	Yes	No	Incidence and preventability of ADEs
Morimoto[19]	Japan	3	3,459	2004	14	All adult patients admitted to the study wards aged ≥ 15 years	SGC, MGC, ICU	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Incidence and preventability of ADEs and medication errors

SGC: surgical general care; MGC: medical general care; OG: obstetrics/gynaecology; ICU: intensive care unit; CICU: coronary ICU; SICU: surgical ICU; MICU: medical ICU. *MINORS was used for quality assessment, maximum score for non-comparative studies was 16 [9].

ISSN: 1472-6963