Table 1 The study population’s baseline demographic and clinical characteristics
Characteristics | All groups | Control | Intervention | Value | p–value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
242 (100) | 125 (51.65) | 117 (48.35) | |||
Age, mean ± SD | 59 ± 19 | 58 ± 20 | 59 ± 18 | −0.5355a | 0.5928 |
Gender | 0.2233b | 0.6365 | |||
Female | 140 (57.9) | 70 (56.0) | 70 (59.8) | ||
Male | 102 (42.1) | 55 (44.0) | 47 (40.2) | ||
Educational level | 0.0572b | 0.9964 | |||
No schooling | 19 (7.9) | 10 (8.0) | 9 (7.7) | ||
Elementary school | 105 (43.4) | 54 (43.2) | 51 (43.6) | ||
High school | 81 (33.5) | 43 (34.4) | 38 (32.5) | ||
Undergraduate | 33 (13.6) | 17 (13.6) | 16 (13.7) | ||
No information | 4 (1.7) | 1 (0.8) | 3 (2.5) | ||
Social status* | 6.7379b | 0.08074 | |||
Strata 1 (lowest level) | 135 (82.3) | 59 (76.6) | 76 (87.4) | ||
Strata 2 (low - medium) | 22 (13.4) | 12 (15.6) | 10 (11.5) | ||
Strata 3 (medium) | 2 (1.2) | 1 (1.3) | 1 (1.1) | ||
Strata 6 (highest level) | 5 (3.1) | 5 (6.5) | 0 (0.0) | ||
Teaching hospitals | 5.1145b | 0.07752 | |||
Fundacion Cardio Infantil | 82 (33.9) | 36 (28.8) | 46 (39.3) | ||
San Carlos | 78 (32.2) | 48 (38.4) | 30 (25.6) | ||
La Samaritana | 82 (33.9) | 41 (32.8) | 41 (35.1) | ||
No. of hospitalisations, median (IQR, min, max) | 0 (1, 0, 12) | 0 (1, 0, 10) | 0 (1, 0, 12) | −0.2168a | 0.8285 |
No. of co-morbidities, median (IQR, min, max) | 1 (2, 0, 4) | 1 (2, 0, 4) | 1 (1, 0, 4) | 0.4219 a | 0.6735 |
Type of comorbidity | 11.6316b | 0.392 | |||
Arthritis/osteoporosis | 16 (5.5) | 11 (7.2) | 5 (3.6) | ||
Malignant diseases | 12 (4.1) | 4 (2.6) | 8 (5.7) | ||
Cardiovascular disorder | 90 (30.8) | 47 (30.7) | 43 (31.0) | ||
Diabetes mellitus | 22 (7.5) | 12 (7.9) | 10 (7.2) | ||
Epilepsy/Parkinson’s disease | 10 (3.4) | 7 (4.6) | 3 (2.2) | ||
Pulmonary disease | 18 (6.2) | 13 (8.5) | 5 (3.6) | ||
Gastrointestinal disease | 15 (5.2) | 7 (4.6) | 8 (5.8) | ||
Hypertension | 14 (4.8) | 6 (3.9) | 8 (5.8) | ||
Hypothyroidism | 22 (7.5) | 8 (5.2) | 14 (10.0) | ||
Metabolism disease | 18 (6.2) | 8 (5.2) | 10 (7.2) | ||
Urinary infection | 15 (5.1) | 7 (4.6) | 8 (5.7) | ||
Other | 40 (13.7) | 23 (15.0) | 17 (12.2) | ||
No. of medicines, median (IQR, min, max) | 4 (4, 1, 12) | 4 (4, 1, 16) | 4 (4, 1, 14) | −0.3299a | 0.7418 |
Medicine group | 17.208b | 0.3066 | |||
Anti-infective for systemic use | 39 (3.7) | 15 (2.8) | 24 (4.6) | ||
Anti-inflammatory drugs | 60 (5.6) | 32 (5.9) | 28 (5.4) | ||
Cardiovascular system | 252 (23.6) | 130 (23.9) | 122 (23.3) | ||
Alimentary tract and metabolism | 194 (18.2) | 102 (18.8) | 92 (17.6) | ||
Systemic hormonal preparations | 31 (2.9) | 12 (2.2) | 19 (3.6) | ||
Respiratory system | 65 (6.1) | 33 (6.1) | 32 (6.1) | ||
Blood and blood-forming organs | 93 (8.7) | 51 (9.4) | 42 (8.0) | ||
Nervous system | 168 (15.7) | 90 (16.5) | 78 (14.9) | ||
Vitamins and nutrients | 39 (3.7) | 21 (3.7) | 18 (3.4) | ||
Herbal medicine | 21 (2.0) | 7 (1.3) | 14 (2.7) | ||
Over-the-counter medicine | 75 (7.0) | 37 (6.8) | 38 (7.3) | ||
Other | 30 (2.8) | 14 (2.6) | 16 (3.1) | ||
Allergic reaction | 0b | 1 | |||
No | 194 (80.2) | 100 (80.0) | 94 (80.3) | ||
Yes | 48 (19.8) | 25 (20.0) | 23 (19.7) | ||
No. of interactions | |||||
Minorc, median (IQR, min, max) | 1 (0, 1, 3) | 1 (0, 1, 3) | 1 (0, 1, 2) | −0.3943 | 0.6942 |
Moderated, median (IQR, min, max) | 1 (1, 1, 7) | 1 (1, 1, 7) | 1 (1, 1, 3) | 0.9524 | 0.3416 |
Majore, median (IQR, min, max) | 1 (0, 1, 4) | 1 (0, 1, 2) | 1 (0, 1, 4) | −1.4242 | 0.1787 |