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Table 4 Predictors of seeking care from government health services (opposed to private health services)

From: No longer diseases of the wealthy: prevalence and health-seeking for self-reported chronic conditions among urban poor in Southern India

Predictor variables

Overall chronic conditions (n = 3844)

Diabetes (n = 1760)

Hypertension (n = 2756)

 

Adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI)

pvalue

Adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI)

pvalue

Adjusted odds ratio* (95% CI)

pvalue

Age groups (years)

      

  ≤40

-

-

-

-

-

-

  40-50

1.1 (0.7, 1.8)

0.584

5.3 (1.6, 17.3)

0.006

1.2 (0.7, 2.0)

0.599

  50-60

1.7 (0.9, 3.1)

0.106

13.5 (2.7, 67.5)

0.002

1.6 (0.8, 3.4)

0.175

  ≥60

3.7 (1.6, 8.3)

0.002

40.2 (5.0,325.7)

0.001

3.4 (1.3, 8.8)

0.010

Monthly per capita income

  First quintile

-

-

-

-

-

-

  Second quintile

0.7 (0.5, 1.0)

0.028

0.7 (0.4, 1.2)

0.235

0.4 (0.2, 0.6)

<0.001

  Third quintile

0.5 (0.3, 0.7)

0.001

0.6 (0.3, 1.1)

0.106

0.2 (0.1, 0.4)

<0.001

  Fourth quintile

0.4 (0.2, 0.7)

0.001

1.1 (0.7, 1.9)

0.617

0.1 (0.1, 0.4)

<0.001

  Fifth quintile

0.3 (0.1, 0.5)

<0.001

0.6 (0.3, 1.0)

0.066

0.1 (0.0, 0.3)

<0.001

Household poverty status

      

  Above the poverty line

-

-

-

-

-

-

  Below the poverty line

1.4 (1.0, 2.0)

0.069

1.3 (0.7, 2.4)

0.392

5.2 (1.6, 17.1)

0.007

Religion

      

  Islam

-

-

  

-

-

  Hinduism

0.8 (0.5, 0.1)

0.185

  

0.9 (0.5, 1.5)

0.676

  Christianity

0.4 (0.2, 0.8)

0.011

  

0.3 (0.1, 0.8)

0.019

Tiers of health services

      

  Clinics/health centres

-

-

-

-

-

-

  Referral hospitals

2.4 (1.5, 3.8)

<0.001

5.3 (1.9, 14.7)

0.001

1.6 (0.9, 3.0)

0.115

  Super-specialty hospitals

30.3 (14.4, 63.8)

<0.001

99.9 (16.2, 614.1)

<0.001

9.2 (3.0, 28.2)

<0.001

Interaction terms

      

  Age group*Tiers of health services

0.8 (0.7, 0.9)

<0.001

0.6 (0.5, 0.9)

0.002

0.8 (0.7, 0.9)

0.008

  Monthly per capita income *Religion

1.2 (1.0, 1.3)

0.010

  

1.2 (1.0, 1.4)

0.019

  Monthly per capita income *Tiers of health service

    

1.1 (1.0, 1.3)

0.017

  Household poverty status*Religion

    

0.4 (0.2, 0.9)

0.021

  1. - Referent category. *Adjusted odds ratio as obtained from multivariable logistic regression models. All the predictor variables were included in the initial model, including two-way interaction terms that were significant at p < 0.05 during binominal logistic regression. Similar to a backward elimination technique, the predictors that were not significant at p < 0.05 were then dropped individually, and the resultant models were compared for goodness of fit (using likelihood-ratio test) until no further improvement was possible.
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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