Table 1 The definitions of the eight modifiable risk factors
Modifiable risk factor | Definition |
|---|---|
Polypharmacy | ● Use of three or more medications, independent of their types and/or |
● Use of sedative, psychoactive, anti-hypertensive, or diuretic medications | |
Orthostatic hypotension | One or more of the nine questions concerning orthostatic hypotension were answered positively on the CTI |
Balance and mobility | ● Difficulties in walking and/or |
● Use of an aid for walking and/or | |
● A lack of balance and/or | |
● Pain in the feet or legs and/or | |
● Reduced feeling in the feet or legs and/or | |
● Reduced strength in one or both feet and/or | |
● Stiffness of the joints | |
Fear of falling | A score of 5 or more on the scale from 1 (no fear of falling) to 10 (a very large fear of falling) on the question: “are you afraid to fall?” |
Impaired vision | ● Unable to read the newspaper, even with magnifying glasses or a loupe, and/or |
● Substantially reduced eyesight in the past 6 months | |
Urinary incontinence | ● Daily problems with urinary incontinence and/or |
● Need to get out of bed twice or more per night to visit the toilet | |
Mood | ● Feeling down or depressed and/or |
● Loss of interest | |
Both within the last month | |
High risk of osteoporosis | Patients with a fracture after the age of 50 and/or a fracture of a vertebra and/or positive for two of the three following factors: |
● Mother suffered hip fracture | |
● Low body weight (men <67 kg, women < 60 kg) | |
● Severe immobility |