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Table 4 Negative binomial regression model for doctor visits and hospital days (adults)

From: Direct costs of inequalities in health care utilization in Germany 1994 to 2009: a top-down projection

 

Men (n = 112,800)

Women (n = 123,365)

 

Doctor visits

Hospital days

Doctor visits

Hospital days

Age

OR

95%-CI

OR

95%-CI

OR

95%-CI

OR

95%-CI

18-29

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

30-44

1.20*

[1.14,1.26]

1.21

[0.94,1.52]

1.10*

[1.06,1.14]

1.09

[0.97,1.23]

45-64

1.98*

[1.88,2.07]

2.97*

[2.38,3.70]

1.40*

[1.35,1.45]

1.59*

[1.42,1.77]

≥65

2.82*

[2.69,2.96]

5.79*

[4.62,7.25]

1.88*

[1.82,1.95]

3.52*

[3.17,3.89]

Time period

 

1994-1998

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

1999-2003

0.92*

[0.88,0.95]

0.96

[0.86,1.07]

0.89*

[0.87,0.92]

0.87*

[0.80,0.94]

2004-2006

0.86*

[0.82,0.89]

0.85*

[0.75,0.98]

0.82*

[0.79,0.84]

0.75*

[0.68,0.83]

2007-2009

0.86*

[0.83,0.90]

0.73*

[0.62,0.85]

0.81*

[0.79,0.84]

0.71*

[0.64,0.78]

Income position

 

< 60%

1.28*

[1.20,1.37]

2.22*

[1.91,2.58]

1.08*

[1.03,1.12]

1.33*

[1.19,1.50]

60%- < 150%

1.14*

[1.11,1.18]

1.56*

[1.41,1.73]

1.01

[0.98,1.04]

1.13*

[1.03,1.23]

≥150%

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Ref.

 

Statistics

 

chi2

3,125

1,079

2,076

1,110

p

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

  1. Data: SOEP 1994–2010.
  2. OR Odds ratios [95% CI]: 95% confidence interval of the odds ratios based on robust standard errors. Ref.: reference category of indicator variables. All indicator variables are coded 0 = no and 1 = yes. p represents the p value for the likelihood-ratio test for the respective model, chi2 is the corresponding chi2 test, n the number of observations. * p < 0.05.