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Table 1 Hypothesized relationships with empowerment dimensions

From: Patient empowerment in long-term conditions: development and preliminary testing of a new measure

Predictor

Predicted relationship with:

Supporting empirical and theoretical references

 

Total score

Dimensions

 

Presence of depression as a long-term condition

-

-

[23, 61–63]

Number of long-term conditions

-

-

[31]

Duration of long-term condition

+

+

[19, 23, 24, 31, 61]

General health

+

+

[21, 23, 64]

Identity (Constructed Meaning scale)

+

+ (I)

[65, 66]

Self-efficacy (Self-efficacy in Long-Term Conditions Scale)

+

+

[22, 25, 32, 67, 68]

Patient enablement (PEI)

+

+

[33, 59, 69–71]

Quality of chronic care (PACIC)

+

+

[21, 23, 63, 65, 72–75]

Continuity (GPPS)

+

+

[60, 76, 77]

Continuity (GPPS preference)

+

+

[60, 78]

Interpersonal care (GPPS)

+

+ (KU)

[33, 75, 76, 78–80]

Interpersonal care (GPPS confidence)

+

+

[10, 69, 76, 80–82]

Gender

0

0

[20, 21, 23, 24, 32, 61, 63, 65],[74, 83, 84]

Age

0

0

[21, 23, 24, 61–63, 65, 85]

Ethnicity

0

0

[20, 21, 32, 65, 74, 84]

Living arrangements

0

0

[20, 21, 61]

Education

+

+

[21–24, 31, 32, 61, 83]

Current work

+

+ (KU, EO)

[20, 23, 61, 74, 83]

  1. Note: Identity = Constructed Meaning scale [48]; Self-efficacy = Self-efficacy in Long-Term Conditions scale [52]; PEI Patient Enablement Instrument [33]; PACIC Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care [56]; GPPS = General Practice Patient Survey [44]; Continuity (GPPS) and Continuity (GPPS preference) measured using two GPPS questions; Interpersonal care (GPPS) measured using GPPS interpersonal care scale; Interpersonal care (GPPS confidence) measured using a single GPPS question; Predicted relationships: (+) Positive relationship; (−) Negative relationship; (0) No relationship; Tested empirical dimensions: (I) = Identity; (KU) = Knowledge and understanding; (EO) = Enabling others.