Socio-demographic | Pool ES | CI 95% | p value* | Pool studies | I2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male | 0.77 | 0.48-1.24 | 0.28 | 7 | 61.3% |
High income countries | 0.94 | 0.57-1.55 | 0.81 | 4 | 54.6% |
Low income countries | 0.16 | 0.04-0.66 | 0.01 | 3 | 0.0% |
Female | 1.05 | 0.97-1.13 | 0.27 | 7 | 49.1% |
High income countries | 1.29 | 1.06-1.58 | 0.01 | 4 | 34.6% |
Low income countries | 0.99 | 0.91-1.08 | 0.85 | 3 | 0.0% |
Married | 1.10 | 0.85-1.42 | 0.46 | 2 | 0.0% |
High income countries | 1.10 | 0.84-1.45 | 0.49 | 1 | - |
Low income countries | 1.10 | 0.56-2.16 | 0.78 | 1 | - |
Single | 2.49 | 1.51-4.12 | 0.00 | 3 | 0.0% |
High income countries | 1.53 | 0.42-5.56 | 0.52 | 1 | - |
Low income countries | 2.72 | 1.58-4.69 | 0.00 | 2 | - |
Separated/divorced | - | - | - | - | - |
High income countries | - | - | - | - | - |
Low income countries | 1.07 | 0.42-2.73 | 0.89 | 2 | 0.0% |
Age less than 20 | 1.14 | 0.96-1.37 | 0.14 | 2 | 60.1% |
High income countries | 0.47 | 0.96-1.37 | 0.13 | 1 | - |
Low income countries | 1.18 | 0.98-1.42 | 0.08 | 1 | - |
Age less than 30 | 1.04 | 1.01-1.07 | 0.01 | 2 | 0.0% |
High income countries | - | - | - | - | - |
Low income countries | 1.04 | 1.01-1.07 | 0.01 | 2 | 0.0% |
Age 20-30 | 1.38 | 1.21-1.58 | 0.00 | 5 | 60.2% |
High income countries | 1.30 | 0.86-1.94 | 0.21 | 3 | 20.2% |
Low income countries | 1.39 | 1.21-1.60 | 0.00 | 2 | 74.0% |
Age 30-50 | 1.08 | 0.97-1.19 | 0.16 | 6 | 0.0% |
High income countries | 1.06 | 0.77-1.46 | 0.72 | 4 | 0.2% |
Low income countries | 1.08 | 0.97-1.20 | 0.17 | 2 | 0.0% |
Age over 50 years | 0.80 | 0.59-1.08 | 0.14 | 5 | 59.4% |
High income countries | 0.55 | 0.41-0.75 | 0.00 | 4 | 0.0% |
Low income countries | 6.68 | 3.15-14.15 | 0.00 | 1 | - |
No education | 1.76 | 1.19-2.60 | 0.01 | 3 | 0.0% |
High income countries | 1.69 | 0.82-3.48 | 0.16 | 1 | - |
Low income countries | 1.78 | 1.12-2.85 | 0.02 | 2 | 0.0% |
Primary education | 0.98 | 0.85-1.13 | 0.80 | 4 | 9.3% |
High income countries | 0.99 | 0.86-1.15 | 0.91 | 3 | 0.0% |
Low income countries | 0.30 | 0.06-1.49 | 0.14 | 1 | - |
Secondary education | 1.04 | 0.95-1.14 | 0.43 | 10 | 60.4% |
High income countries | 1.03 | 0.95-1.28 | 0.75 | 6 | 73.7% |
Low income countries | 1.04 | 0.94-1.15 | 0.47 | 4 | 19.8% |
Tertiary education | 0.85 | 0.58-1.24 | 0.39 | 3 | 60.9% |
High income countries | 0.69 | 0.45-1.07 | 0.10 | 2 | 44.8% |
Low income countries | 1.56 | 0.73-3.34 | 0.25 | 1 | - |