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Table 1 Characteristics of the Study Population and Comparison of Mean Fragmentation of Care Index (FCI)

From: Measuring fragmentation of ambulatory care in a tripartite healthcare system

 

N (%)

FCI Mean (SD)

p-value

Total

18,226 (100%)

0.141 (0.248)

 

Age

<0.0001

  15-24

2,380 (13.1%)

0.096 (0.233)

 

  25-34

2,792 (15.3%)

0.092 (0.215)

  35-44

3,100 (17.0%)

0.117 (0.234)

  45-54

3,781 (20.7%)

0.146 (0.253)

  55-64

2,768 (15.2%)

0.181 (0.263)

  65+

3,405 (18.7%)

0.194 (0.260)

Gender

<0.0001

  Male

8,362 (45.9%)

0.127 (0.242)

 

  Female

9,864 (54.1%)

0.152 (0.252)

Marital status

<0.0001

  Single

5,373 (29.5%)

0.096 (0.223)

 

  Married

10,759 (59.0%)

0.153 (0.253)

  Divorced/Separated

617 (3.4%)

0.179 (0.263)

  Widowed

1,477 (8.1%)

0.201 (0.261)

Education

<0.0001

  Below primary

1,208 (6.6%)

0.190 (0.257)

 

  Primary

3,765 (20.7%)

0.181 (0.261)

  Secondary

10,361 (56.8%)

0.127 (0.243)

  Tertiary or above

2,892 (15.9%)

0.119 (0.235)

Birthplace

<0.0001

  Hong Kong

11,971 (65.7%)

0.124 (0.237)

 

  Mainland China, Macau or Taiwan

5,757 (31.6%)

0.180 (0.267)

  Overseas

498 (2.7%)

0.094 (0.212)

Monthly household income (in HKD)

<0.0001

  <$ 9,999

4,034 (22.1%)

0.173 (0.262)

 

  $10,000-19,000

5,048 (27.7%)

0.142 (0.251)

  $20,000-29,000

3,646 (20.0%)

0.130 (0.241)

  $30,000-39,000

2,162 (11.9%)

0.129 (0.239)

  $40,000 or above

3,336 (18.3%)

0.120 (0.234)

Employment

<0.0001

  Currently employed

9,624 (52.8%)

0.121 (0.238)

 

  Not employed

8,602 (47.2%)

0.163 (0.256)

Received medical benefits from employer or bought medical insurance

<0.0001

  Yes

8,181 (44.9%)

0.124 (0.236)

 

  No

10,045 (55.1%)

0.154 (0.256)

Number of chronic conditions

<0.0001

  0

11,331 (62.2%)

0.102 (0.231)

 

  1

3,941 (21.6%)

0.187 (0.261)

  2

1,722 (9.4%)

0.212 (0.255)

  3 or more

1,232 (6.8%)

0.247 (0.262)

Self-reported health status

<0.0001

  Excellent/Very good/Good

12,370 (67.9%)

0.120 (0.239)

 

  Fair/Poor

5,856 (32.1%)

0.185 (0.259)

Total number of ambulatory care visits

<0.0001

   2

4,231 (23.2%)

0.040 (0.197)

 

   3

3,208 (17.6%)

0.065 (0.199)

   4

2,604 (14.3%)

0.113 (0.239)

   5

1,534 (8.4%)

0.158 (0.252)

   6

1,683 (9.2%)

0.174 (0.257)

   7 or more

4,966 (27.2%)

0.273 (0.253)

Most frequently visited segment

<0.0001

  Public western

4,739 (26.0%)

0.176 (0.246)

 

  Private western

11,507 (63.1%)

0.064 (0.174)

  Chinese medicine

1,053 (5.8%)

0.332 (0.246)

  Equal visits to 2 or more segments

927 (5.1%)

0.696 (0.156)