Table 3 Mean per-patient healthcare costs during pre-surgery, peri-operative, and follow-up periods among study subjects (N = 14,912)*

Prescriptions

Pain-related

Oral medications

NSAIDs ^†

153 (147, 158)

28 (26, 29)

98 (93, 103)

< 0.01

Opioids

97 (79, 116)

60 (56, 64)

110 (83, 137)

< 0.01

Antiepileptics

58 (52, 64)

15 (13, 17)

77 (66, 87)

< 0.01

Antidepressants ^‡

146 (138, 154)

35 (33, 37)

154 (146, 162)

< 0.01

Corticosteroids

2 (2, 2)

0 (0, 1)

2 (2, 3)

0.16

Injectable agents

Corticosteroids

15 (12, 18)

4 (2, 6)

10 (6, 13)

< 0.01

Opioids

2 (2, 2)

1 (1, 1)

2 (2, 2)

0.09

Hyaluronic acid

90 (84, 95)

1 (1, 1)

6 (5, 8)

< 0.01

Total of above

107 (101, 113)

6 (4, 8)

18 (15, 22)

< 0.01

Topical agents

2 (1, 2)

0 (0, 1)

4 (3, 5)

< 0.01

All other

1,358 (1,318, 1,389)

459 (447, 471)

1,550 (1,506, 1,594)

< 0.01

Total Pharmacotherapy

1,922 (1,870, 1,974)

604 (589, 619)

2,013 (1,954, 2,072)

0.33

Healthcare services

Outpatient care

Physician office visits

2,364 (2,320, 2,408)

1,410 (1,383, 1,437)

2,148 (2,096, 2,199)

< 0.01

Other outpatient visits

2, 024 (1,901, 2,148)

1,978 (1,844, 2,111)

1,980 (1,812, 2,148)

< 0.01

ED visits

183 (169, 197)

96 (87, 105)

211 (195, 227)

0.06

All outpatient visits

4,571 (4,429, 4,714)

3,484 (3,345, 3,622)

4,338 (4,149, 4,528)

< 0.01

Inpatient care

1,817 (1,655, 1,979)

31,116 (30,802, 31,431)

3,300 (3,007, 3,593)

< 0.01

Other

OA-related^¥

30 (27, 33)

48 (46, 50)

13 (11, 15)

< 0.01

All other

1,293 (1,229, 1,356)

1,300 (1,248, 1,353)

1,379 (1,297, 1,461)

< 0.01

Total

9,632 (9,364, 9,901)

36,553 (36,221, 36,885)

11,043 (10,628, 11,458)

< 0.01