Table 1 Evolution of HIV health services in Vietnam
Year | Evolution |
|---|---|
Early 1990s | Small-scale responses initiated at the local level such as local government led needle and syringe programs and peer support activities. |
Mid 1990s | The Ministry of Health initiated a HIV prevention campaign followed by commune health station based basic care and support for PLHIV in three provinces. |
Early 2000s | The 100% condom use program piloted by the Ministry of Health and a number of needle and syringe programs implemented by non-governmental organizations. |
Establishment of HIV clinical services at national hospitals followed by district level HIV outpatient clinics offering comprehensive care in Ho Chi Minh City. | |
2004 (and onward) | Health sector-led large scale expansion of HIV prevention, care and treatment initiated (supported by the United States, the United Kingdom, the World Bank and the Global Fund) |
For HIV care and treatment, HIV outpatient clinics expanded based on the experiences of a number of model sites. | |
Community- and home-based care (CHBC) expanded in different forms, such as (i) HIV outpatient clinic based; (ii) Stand-alone model run by PLHIV groups, faith-based organizations or local non-governmental organizations; (iii) Led by Women’s Union; and (iv) Commune health station based. | |
ART expanded in administrative detention centers for IDUs and SWs, followed by in prisons. | |
2007 | National Plan of Action on Harm Reduction approved. It stipulated that HIV officers at provincial and district health services play a central role in mobilizing peer educators from current or former IDUs/SWs and entertainment establishment owners/managers. |
2008 | Under the legal framework of the Law on HIV and its decree, the national pilot Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) program began in two provinces, |