Themes | Socially oriented | Improvising | Technically oriented |
---|---|---|---|
Resources | |||
Spatial resource [1. Physical space; 2. Storage; 3. Assembling medicines space] | Adequate in two spatial resources or less | Adequate in two spatial resources or less | Adequate in two spatial resources or more |
Support staff [ e.g. CA, collection & delivery drivers] | Dispenser is also a member of support staff | Dispenser is also a member of support staff | Designated support staff |
Number of dispensing staff in relation to dispensing duties | One or multiple member of staff allocated to one dispensing duty at a time (e.g. walk-in) | One member of staff allocated up to three dispensing duties at a time (e.g. walk-in, cassettes, delivery prescriptions) | One member of staff allocated to one dispensing duty at a time (e.g. walk-in) |
Organisation of work | |||
Workload [Observed activities staff simultaneously engaged in at peak periods] | Walk-ins, Low levels of repeat prescription processing | Walk-insb, MURs, cassette fillings, batch repeat prescriptions (same day delivery), shelve restocking | Walk-ins, batch repeat prescriptions, cassette fillings, shelve restocking |
Prioritisation [Simultaneous dispensing work undertaken by staff] | 1 activity prioritised at a time | 3 or more activities undertaken simultaneously by one staff | 3 or more activities undertaken simultaneously by different staff |
Dispensing procedures | Customised protocol | Unstructured protocol | Regimented Protocol |
 | Work adapted to skills of people present | Protocols present but not adhered to | Work breaks down if protocol not strictly followed |
Non dispensing activities | Moderate-High | High | Low–Moderate |
Dispensing journey in minutes c | 3–8 | 10–14 | 2–5 |
Occupational | |||
Multi-tasking | Medium | High | Low–Medium |
Number of items dispensed | Low–Moderate | Moderate-High | Moderate-High |
 | Up to 150 per day | Over 150 per day | 0ver 150 per day |
Pharmacist autonomy | Medium-low | High | Medium–High |
Technology | |||
Technical support | Low | Medium to High | High |
Key technological systems | Pharmacy Manager System (PMS)d | PMS | PMS |
 | AND/OR | AND one of the following | AND one or more of following |
 | Colour-basket system | Colour-basket system, Computerised Prescriber Order Entry (CPOE) | CPOE, Robot, Central computerised prescription managing hub (chain) |
 |  |  | AND/OR |
 |  |  | Colour-basket system |
Examples of supporting technologies | Extra computer | Extra computer, colour-labels | Extra computer, remote technical support, technical calibrators, colour-labels |
Workflow | |||
Workflow | Adaptive | Unpredictable | Methodical |
 | Depends more on social elements | Depends more on technical elements |