The economic burden of advanced liver disease among patients with Hepatitis C Virus: a large state Medicaid perspective

Table 1 Baseline and follow-up demographic, clinical, and survival characteristics

	Patients with HCV and ALD (Cases)	Patients with HCV and without ALD (Controls)	*P-value*
N	1193	1193
Baseline
Age at index date
Mean	48.6	49.0	0.268
SD	8.6	8.7
Median	49.0	49.0
<35	5.0%	4.4%
35-44	22.8%	21.2%
45-54	50.3%	50.6%
55+	21.9%	23.8%
Male (%)	54.6%	54.6%	1.000
Race
White	54.1%	54.1%	1.000
Black	23.3%	23.3%	1.000
Hispanic	9.8%	9.8%	1.000
Other	12.8%	12.8%	1.000
Charlson score¹
Mean	3.1	2.3	< .001
SD	3.2	2.7
Median	2.0	1.0
Follow-Up
Duration of follow-up (days)
Mean	277	366	< .001
SD	135	8
Median	366	366
Survival
Died during evaluation period (%)	35.1%	0.8%	< .001
Selected non-ALD-related diagnoses (%)
Alcoholic cirrhosis	28.8%	1.1%	< .001
Diabetes	24.8%	19.8%	0.004
Gastrointestinal bleeding	20.2%	3.6%	< .001
HBV	9.7%	2.9%	< .001
HIV	25.2%	23.7%	0.418
Other sequelae of chronic liver disease	10.5%	0.3%	< .001
Acute Renal failure	13.1%	2.2%	< .001
Unspecified disorder of the liver	11.2%	1.8%	< .001
Selected ALD-related diagnoses (%)
Ascites	54.5%	0.0%	< .001
Esophageal varices without bleeding	11.2%	0.0%	< .001
Hepatic coma (encephalopathy)	19.4%	0.0%	< .001
Portal hypertension	11.7%	0.0%	< .001

Source: Florida Medicaid database: claims with dates of service between July 1, 1998 and June 30, 2008.
Note: Comparison patients were matched based on 5-year age groupings, sex, and race to cases.
¹T-tests were used to evaluate differences in mean age and Charlson score, while Wilcoxon tests were used for duration of follow-up. The Fisher Exact 2-tailed test was used for comparisons of proportions.
²Race/ethnicity was patient-identified; with "Other" race/ethnicity including American Indian, Asian, and others.
³Charlson score excludes HCC, 'Mild Liver Disease' and 'Liver Disease' comorbidities.
⁴Significance testing was not performed on ALD-related diagnoses as the comparison cohort could not have any of these diagnoses in baseline or follow-up by definition. These diagnoses were based on all inpatient and outpatient diagnoses observed over the follow-up period: ALD advanced liver disease, HBV hepatitis B virus, HCV hepatitis C virus, HIV human immunodeficiency virus.

ISSN: 1472-6963