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Table 4 Nutrition outcomes in Vietnam, 1997–2006

From: Inequalities in reproductive, maternal, newborn and child health in Vietnam: a retrospective study of survey data for 1997–2006

 

Percentage of children under five who are under-weight

Percentage of children under five who are stunted

Percentage of children under five who are wasted

Percentage of newborn with low birth weight (<2,500 g)

Percentage of newborn with low birth weight (<2,500 g)

Percentage of newborn with low birth weight (<2,500 g)

Percentage of newborn with low birth weight (<2,500 g)

Year

2000

2000

2000

1997

2000

2002

2006

1. Total sample

32.4

35.9

5.6

8.9

5.7

7.0

6.2

2. Living standards

       

Poorest quintile

41.0

44.4

7.4

17.2

8.0

11.3

9.6

2nd quintile

35.7

41.8

4.8

12.4

6.3

6.9

6.6

Middle quintile

30.6

37.0

4.2

7.7

7.8

6.3

6.1

4th quintile

28.7

30.8

5.0

5.7

5.8

8.4

6.8

Richest quintile

17.0

16.1

5.0

4.0

1.6

3.5

3.7

Ratio poor/rich

2.41

2.75

1.49

4.26

5.01

3.21

2.58

Concentration Index

−0.1067

−0.1216

−0.0967

−0.2810

−0.2081

−0.1584

−0.1236

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

N/a

N/a

N/a

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

3. Education of mother

       

No education

46.5

55.5

5.2

14.2

6.9

17.7

6.4

Primary

36.8

40.1

6.4

10.0

6.5

6.9

5.6

Lower secondary

30.5

34.2

5.3

8.5

4.3

6.8

7.4

Upper secondary or higher

20.0

19.5

5.3

5.2

7.2

3.1

5.6

Ratio no education / upper secondary or higher

2.32

2.84

0.97

2.74

0.96

5.70

1.15

Concentration Index

−0.0816

−0.1254

−0.0336

−0.1063

0.1238

−0.1684

−0.0040

p (CI = 0)

p < 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p < 0.05

p > 0.05

p (CI1997 = CI2006)

N/a

N/a

N/a

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

p > 0.05

4. Ethnicity

       

Majority

29.4

32.0

5.3

7.9

6.0

6.2

6.1

Minority

44.9

52.2

6.9

18.7

2.0

14.4

6.8

Ratio minority / majority

1.53

1.63

1.31

2.36

0.33

2.35

1.11

5. Sex of child

       

Male

30.5

34.8

6.3

7.2

N/a

6.8

N/a

Female

34.3

37.1

4.8

10.7

N/a

7.2

N/a

Ratio female / male

1.12

1.07

0.75

1.49

N/a

1.06

N/a

6. Place of residence

       

Urban

21.1

19.2

6.0

4.3

1.7

4.0

3.5

Rural

35.0

39.8

5.5

10.2

7.1

7.8

7.2

Ratio rural/urban

1.66

2.08

0.91

2.36

4.18

1.96

2.02

7. Region

       

Red River Delta

27.5

34.4

4.7

6.5

3.8

5.0

7.8

Northern Uplands

37.1

48.0

3.6

5.3

1.0

8.0

6.3

North Central Coast

38.4

44.8

6.4

11.2

12.2

3.6

5.0

South Central Coast

30.2

31.5

5.1

9.0

7.0

7.1

5.0

Central Highlands

43.8

43.2

6.6

3.2

3.7

21.0

6.1

Southeast

26.8

25.8

5.0

8.7

7.2

7.6

4.7

Mekong River Delta

28.6

25.4

8.2

13.1

6.6

7.1

6.8

  1. Notes:
  2. 1. N/a = not applicable or data not available.
  3. 2. p (CI = 0) = probability of concentration index being equal to zero (if p < 0.05, then there is a statistically significant difference between a concentration index of zero, indicating perfect equality, and the obtained concentration index; such a result indicates inequality).
  4. 3. p (CI1997 = CI2006) = probability of concentration index for 1997 being equal to concentration index for 2006 (if p < 0.05, then there is a statistically significant difference between the concentration index in 1997 and the concentration index in 2006; such a result indicates a change in inequality over time).
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BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

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