| |
IMR
| | | |
U5MR
| | | |
|---|
|
Year
|
1997
|
2000
|
2002
|
2006
|
1997
|
2000
|
2002
|
2006
|
|---|
|
1. Total sample
|
32.0
|
36.8
|
24.2
|
18.8
|
41.2
|
47.0
|
30.3
|
23.0
|
|
2. Living standards
| | | | | | | | |
|
Poorest quintile
|
42.4
|
45.5
|
33.6
|
19.8
|
61.0
|
59.5
|
43.9
|
24.0
|
|
2nd quintile
|
37.5
|
38.0
|
29.2
|
23.5
|
45.8
|
48.0
|
34.4
|
29.3
|
|
Middle quintile
|
30.7
|
35.5
|
20.8
|
22.5
|
33.4
|
45.0
|
25.6
|
26.8
|
|
4th quintile
|
28.7
|
26.3
|
19.0
|
14.3
|
37.0
|
32.3
|
25.8
|
17.8
|
|
Richest quintile
|
15.1
|
14.0
|
12.7
|
4.4
|
20.7
|
17.3
|
14.2
|
5.6
|
|
Ratio poor/rich
|
2.8
|
3.3
|
2.6
|
4.5
|
2.9
|
3.4
|
3.1
|
4.3
|
|
Concentration Index
|
−0.1639
|
−0.1913
|
−0.1764
|
−0.1896
|
−0.1828
|
−0.2024
|
−0.1843
|
−0.1875
|
|
p (CI = 0)
|
p < 0.05
|
p < 0.05
|
p < 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p < 0.05
|
p < 0.05
|
p < 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
|
p (CI1997 = CI2006)
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
|
3. Education of mother
| | | | | | | | |
|
No education
|
38.8
|
47.5
|
25.9
|
32.3
|
57.0
|
63.0
|
35.6
|
41.0
|
|
Primary
|
38.7
|
40.0
|
29.5
|
17.3
|
50.9
|
51.5
|
34.3
|
20.8
|
|
Lower secondary
|
31.4
|
33.5
|
21.9
|
24.0
|
39.8
|
42.0
|
29.1
|
30.0
|
|
Upper secondary or higher
|
17.4
|
12.3
|
18.8
|
5.6
|
20.7
|
14.8
|
21.7
|
6.7
|
|
Ratio no education / upper secondary or higher
|
2.2
|
3.9
|
1.4
|
5.8
|
2.8
|
4.3
|
1.6
|
6.1
|
|
Concentration Index
|
−0.1071
|
−0.1685
|
−0.0785
|
−0.1137
|
−0.1278
|
−0.1809
|
−0.0734
|
−0.1157
|
|
p (CI = 0)
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p < 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p < 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
|
p (CI1997 = CI2006)
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
p > 0.05
|
|
4. Ethnicity
| | | | | | | | |
|
Majority
|
27.0
|
32.0
|
23.2
|
15.8
|
34.7
|
40.0
|
28.4
|
18.8
|
|
Minority
|
55.6
|
44.5
|
28.5
|
33.8
|
72.5
|
58.3
|
38.5
|
43.0
|
|
Ratio minority / majority
|
2.1
|
1.4
|
1.2
|
2.1
|
2.1
|
1.5
|
1.4
|
2.3
|
|
5. Sex of child
| | | | | | | | |
|
Male
|
39.7
|
36.3
|
25.6
|
14.0
|
49.1
|
46.3
|
33.4
|
17.5
|
|
Female
|
23.5
|
36.0
|
22.7
|
20.8
|
32.6
|
46.3
|
27.0
|
25.5
|
|
Ratio female/ male
|
0.6
|
1.0
|
0.9
|
1.5
|
0.7
|
1.0
|
0.8
|
1.5
|
|
6. Place of residence
| | | | | | | | |
|
Urban
|
20.6
|
18.5
|
13.3
|
3.8
|
25.1
|
22.5
|
15.9
|
4.5
|
|
Rural
|
34.3
|
38.3
|
26.5
|
22.0
|
44.6
|
48.5
|
33.3
|
27.3
|
|
Ratio rural/ urban
|
1.7
|
2.1
|
2.0
|
5.9
|
1.8
|
2.2
|
2.1
|
6.1
|
|
7. Region
| | | | | | | | |
|
Red River Delta
|
25.1
|
39.3
|
22.4
|
29.8
|
32.3
|
50.0
|
27.2
|
37.3
|
|
Northern Uplands
|
40.7
|
35.0
|
28.2
|
29.0
|
50.2
|
44.0
|
32.9
|
37.0
|
|
North Central Coast
|
35.0
|
39.3
|
40.1
|
18.8
|
40.0
|
50.8
|
47.1
|
22.5
|
|
South Central Coast
|
31.4
|
32.5
|
17.8
|
10.8
|
40.8
|
41.0
|
19.8
|
13.0
|
|
Central Highlands
|
45.0
|
37.0
|
21.8
|
17.8
|
51.6
|
47.5
|
35.8
|
21.5
|
|
Southeast
|
17.8
|
13.0
|
11.0
|
6.8
|
17.8
|
16.0
|
19.5
|
8.5
|
|
Mekong River Delta
|
33.1
|
45.0
|
21.5
|
12.3
|
51.5
|
59.3
|
28.8
|
15.0
|
- Notes:
- 1. Infant mortality rate (IMR) = number of deaths of children less than one year of age per 1,000 live births.
- 2. Under-five mortality rate (U5MR) = number of deaths of children less than five years of age per 1,000 live births.
- 3. p (CI = 0) = probability of concentration index being equal to zero (if p < 0.05, then there is a statistically significant difference between a concentration index of zero, indicating perfect equality, and the obtained concentration index; such a result indicates inequality).
- 4. p (CI1997 = CI2006) = probability of concentration index for 1997 being equal to concentration index for 2006 (if p < 0.05, then there is a statistically significant difference between the concentration index in 1997 and the concentration index in 2006; such a result indicates a change in inequality over time).
