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Table 4 Association between hospital admissions for CHD and location with adjustments for population and practice characteristics

From: Is the health of people living in rural areas different from those in cities? Evidence from routine data linked with the Scottish Health Survey

  

Model 1

  

Model 2

  

Model 3

  

Model 4

 
 

OR*

(99% CI)

P > z

OR

(99% CI)

P > z

OR

(99% CI)

P > z

OR

(99% CI)

P > z

Age and sex

            

Male < 30

ref.

  

ref.

  

ref.

  

ref.

  

Male30_34

6.21

(0.49 78.15)

0.063

6.25

(0.50 77.82)

0.061

4.75

(0.40 56.48)

0.105

4.75

(0.38 60.17)

0.114

Male35_39

6.12

(0.67 55.92)

0.035

6.15

(0.67 56.24)

0.035

4.90

(0.54 44.21)

0.063

3.01

(0.29 31.08)

0.220

Male40_44

33.55

(4.59 245.36)

< 0.001

33.57

(4.62 243.96)

< 0.001

27.58

(3.69 206.35)

< 0.001

23.22

(3.06 175.95)

< 0.001

Male45_49

74.16

(9.96 551.96)

< 0.001

75.59

(10.16 562.40)

< 0.001

59.18

(8.02 436.71)

< 0.001

53.74

(7.14 404.44)

< 0.001

Male50_54

170.39

(23.19 1251.92)

< 0.001

170.39

(23.45 1238.11)

< 0.001

139.90

(18.76 1043.33)

< 0.001

132.91

(17.38 1016.13)

< 0.001

Male55_59

205.77

(29.19 1450.64)

< 0.001

203.74

(29.14 1424.52)

< 0.001

161.44

(22.47 1160.04)

< 0.001

135.21

(18.49 988.55)

< 0.001

Male60_64

193.14

(27.90 1336.90)

< 0.001

193.89

(28.08 1338.57)

< 0.001

154.88

(21.68 1106.68)

< 0.001

131.83

(18.05 962.63)

< 0.001

Male65_69

161.35

(22.96 1133.66)

< 0.001

174.50

(24.85 1225.56)

< 0.001

139.04

(19.25 1004.24)

< 0.001

169.90

(22.13 1304.20)

< 0.001

Male70_74

163.06

(22.48 1182.70)

< 0.001

184.75

(25.31 1348.78)

< 0.001

156.26

(20.71 1178.90)

< 0.001

181.49

(22.35 1473.79)

< 0.001

Female < 30

0.00

(0.00 0.00)

< 0.001

0.00

(0.00 0.00)

< 0.001

0.00

(0.00 0.00)

< 0.001

0.00

(0.00 0.00)

< 0.001

Female30_34

1.48

(0.11 20.48)

0.699

1.48

(0.11 20.52)

0.699

1.23

(0.09 17.22)

0.843

1.16

(0.08 16.39)

0.883

Female35_39

9.63

(1.10 84.70)

0.007

9.76

(1.11 85.62)

0.007

8.34

(0.94 73.95)

0.012

5.29

(0.51 54.44)

0.065

Female40_44

7.03

(0.82 60.24)

0.019

7.21

(0.85 61.37)

0.017

6.18

(0.74 51.59)

0.027

5.94

(0.70 50.15)

0.031

Female45_49

16.62

(2.18 126.56)

< 0.001

17.00

(2.24 129.15)

< 0.001

11.72

(1.54 89.09)

0.002

11.38

(1.46 88.97)

0.002

Female50_54

35.63

(4.85 262.00)

< 0.001

35.93

(4.89 264.15)

< 0.001

30.84

(4.15 228.96)

< 0.001

28.37

(3.81 211.34)

< 0.001

Female55_59

73.93

(10.25 533.24)

< 0.001

75.52

(10.53 541.46)

< 0.001

51.40

(7.27 363.54)

< 0.001

41.82

(5.76 303.45)

< 0.001

Female60_64

80.94

(11.24 583.04)

< 0.001

80.31

(11.20 575.85)

< 0.001

65.97

(9.06 480.42)

< 0.001

57.36

(7.57 434.48)

< 0.001

Female65_69

60.50

(8.11 451.47)

< 0.001

67.63

(9.01 507.71)

< 0.001

48.66

(6.41 369.24)

< 0.001

53.11

(6.58 428.91)

< 0.001

Female70_74

77.00

(10.30 575.79)

< 0.001

81.05

(10.83 606.71)

< 0.001

69.78

(9.06 537.59)

< 0.001

89.42

(10.84 737.58)

< 0.001

Location1

            

PC

   

ref.

  

ref.

  

ref.

  

US

   

0.94

(0.65 1.36)

0.649

1.03

(0.71 1.48)

0.860

1.08

(0.74 1.57)

0.666

AST

   

0.89

(0.52 1.53)

0.572

0.98

(0.55 1.73)

0.916

0.99

(0.57 1.71)

0.878

RST

   

0.37

(0.16 0.86)

0.002

0.41

(0.16 1.03)

0.013

0.34

(0.10 1.14)

0.009

VRST

   

0.65

(0.13 3.16)

0.486

0.70

(0.10 5.04)

0.646

1.06

(0.12 9.60)

0.995

AR

   

0.69

(0.40 1.18)

0.077

0.78

(0.45 1.35)

0.246

0.83

(0.48 1.42)

0.326

RR

   

0.68

(0.35 1.35)

0.152

0.86

(0.41 1.84)

0.621

0.96

(0.45 2.08)

0.735

VRR

   

0.49

(0.26 0.90)

0.003

0.57

(0.31 1.03)

0.015

0.70

(0.37 1.35)

0.087

Social Class

            

Intermediate

      

ref.

  

ref.

  

Professional

      

0.61

(0.27 1.36)

0.112

0.58

(0.26 1.28)

0.073

Skilled non-manual

      

0.99

(0.61 1.61)

0.959

0.99

(0.60 1.64)

0.935

Skilled manual

      

1.27

(0.81 1.97)

0.171

1.17

(0.74 1.85)

0.358

Partly skilled

      

1.19

(0.75 1.91)

0.331

1.16

(0.71 1.91)

0.450

Unskilled

      

1.36

(0.75 2.46)

0.182

1.28

(0.67 2.45)

0.315

House ownership

            

Owned

      

ref.

  

ref.

  

Publicly rented

      

1.75

(1.23 2.51)

< 0.001

1.75

(1.19 2.57)

< 0.001

Privately rented

      

1.14

(0.41 3.22)

0.738

1.24

(0.41 3.74)

0.605

Others

      

1.81

(0.66 5.00)

0.131

2.02

(0.71 5.80)

0.095

Practice char.

            

WTE GPs per 1000 pop.

         

1.32

(0.59 2.96)

0.382

GPs age (mean)

         

0.99

(0.95 1.02)

0.271

Survey year 1998

         

0.57

(0.39 0.83)

0.110

Log pseudo-likelihood

-2806

  

-2799

  

-2710

  

-2425

  

Sample size

15435

  

15423

  

14448

  

13019

  

Joint significance of rural

         

X2(7) = 9.84

p = 0.197

 
  1. * OR Odds Ratio ref. reference group 1 PC Primary Cities, US Urban Settlements, AST Accessible Small Towns, RST Remote Small Towns, VRST Very Remote Small Towns, AR Accessible Rural, RR Remote Rural, VRR Very Remote Rural. 2 p-values calculated using standard errors clustered by practice
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