Table 3 Association between all-cause mortality and location, without and with adjustments for population and practice characteristics

Age and sex

Male < 30

ref.

ref.

ref.

ref.

Male30_34

1.62

(0.43 6.12)

0.352

1.64

(0.43 6.20)

0.340

2.27

(0.47 11.02)

0.181

1.80

(0.34 9.54)

0.363

Male35_39

1.62

(0.46 5.67)

0.323

1.62

(0.46 5.66)

0.324

2.40

(0.55 10.49)

0.125

2.43

(0.56 10.63)

0.120

Male40_44

3.13

(1.00 9.81)

0.010

3.16

(1.00 9.93)

0.010

4.72

(1.13 19.74)

0.005

4.24

(0.99 18.14)

0.010

Male45_49

4.52

(1.50 13.57)

< 0.001

4.57

(1.52 13.74)

< 0.001

6.63

(1.65 26.61)

< 0.001

5.82

(1.42 23.78)

0.001

Male50_54

12.25

(4.41 33.99)

< 0.001

12.36

(4.44 34.37)

< 0.001

17.80

(4.70 67.35)

< 0.001

16.31

(4.29 61.94)

< 0.001

Male55_59

19.99

(7.54 53.00)

< 0.001

20.28

(7.63 53.87)

< 0.001

27.61

(7.59 100.41)

< 0.001

25.59

(7.04 92.96)

< 0.001

Male60_64

36.14

(13.67 95.57)

< 0.001

36.81

(13.92 97.38)

< 0.001

50.63

(13.77 186.17)

< 0.001

44.62

(12.08 164.77)

< 0.001

Male65_69

54.81

(19.96 150.52)

< 0.001

55.99

(20.34 154.1)

< 0.001

80.85

(21.1 308.8)

< 0.001

77.03

(19.54 303.74)

< 0.001

Male70_74

93.97

(34.90 252.9)

< 0.001

97.80

(36.13 264.7)

< 0.001

138.12

(36.5 521.9)

< 0.001

131.21

(33.64 511.86)

< 0.001

Female < 30

0.43

(0.10 1.85)

0.135

0.42

(0.10 1.84)

0.131

0.56

(0.10 3.25)

0.394

0.37

(0.05 2.71)

0.201

Female30_34

1.55

(0.44 5.51)

0.372

1.54

(0.43 5.47)

0.379

1.87

(0.40 8.81)

0.299

1.87

(0.40 8.80)

0.296

Female35_39

0.89

(0.21 3.74)

0.830

0.89

(0.21 3.76)

0.836

1.29

(0.24 6.96)

0.695

0.85

(0.13 5.56)

0.822

Female40_44

4.29

(1.32 13.98)

0.001

4.34

(1.33 14.17)

0.001

6.10

(1.41 26.40)

0.001

5.20

(1.17 23.03)

0.004

Female45_49

2.85

(0.88 9.16)

0.021

2.89

(0.90 9.32)

0.020

4.02

(0.94 17.26)

0.014

3.43

(0.77 15.37)

0.034

Female50_54

9.31

(3.45 25.15)

< 0.001

9.37

(3.46 25.39)

< 0.001

13.75

(3.65 51.80)

< 0.001

13.50

(3.57 51.09)

< 0.001

Female55_59

14.11

(5.27 37.79)

< 0.001

14.13

(5.27 37.91)

< 0.001

19.26

(5.21 71.17)

< 0.001

18.49

(5.00 68.38)

< 0.001

Female60_64

18.84

(7.14 49.73)

< 0.001

19.00

(7.20 50.14)

< 0.001

25.75

(7.01 94.55)

< 0.001

23.26

(6.32 85.70)

< 0.001

Female65_69

28.75

(10.62 77.79)

< 0.001

29.12

(10.76 78.77)

< 0.001

38.18

(10.2 142.31)

< 0.001

36.36

(9.48 139.44)

< 0.001

Female70_74

47.56

(17.77 127.29)

< 0.001

49.20

(18.39 131.6)

< 0.001

65.80

(17.7 244.67)

< 0.001

61.44

(16.02 235.61)

< 0.001

Location1

PC

ref.

ref.

ref.

US

0.87

(0.68 1.12)

0.152

0.89

(0.70 1.14)

0.238

0.93

(0.71 1.20)

0.443

AST

0.78

(0.52 1.18)

0.118

0.78

(0.51 1.19)

0.127

0.84

(0.54 1.30)

0.293

RST

0.56

(0.29 1.09)

0.025

0.63

(0.33 1.19)

0.061

0.79

(0.44 1.43)

0.307

VRST

0.60

(0.34 1.05)

0.018

0.60

(0.33 1.09)

0.027

0.65

(0.36 1.17)

0.059

AR

0.83

(0.58 1.20)

0.201

0.92

(0.64 1.34)

0.584

0.97

(0.66 1.42)

0.814

RR

0.51

(0.30 0.87)

0.001

0.59

(0.32 1.06)

0.020

0.58

(0.31 1.07)

0.023

VRR

0.45

(0.25 0.81)

< 0.001

0.54

(0.32 0.92)

0.003

0.53

(0.30 0.94)

0.004

Social Class

Intermediate

ref.

ref.

Professional

0.37

(0.14 0.93)

0.006

0.27

(0.09 0.82)

0.002

Skilled non-manual

1.07

(0.76 1.51)

0.607

1.08

(0.75 1.55)

0.591

Skilled manual

1.36

(0.97 1.90)

0.020

1.43

(1.00 2.04)

0.009

Partly skilled

1.33

(0.93 1.89)

0.039

1.48

(1.02 2.14)

0.007

Unskilled

1.39

(0.93 2.08)

0.032

1.45

(0.95 2.22)

0.024

House ownership

Owned

ref.

ref.

Publicly rented

2.10

(1.64 2.70)

< 0.001

2.09

(1.61 2.71)

< 0.001

Privately rented

1.90

(0.99 3.65)

0.011

2.04

(1.05 3.98)

0.006

Others

2.88

(1.27 6.53)

0.001

2.99

(1.23 7.24)

0.001

Practice char.

WTE GPs per 1000 pop.

0.89

(0.44 1.81)

0.670

GPs age (mean)

1.00

(0.97 1.02)

0.911

Survey year 1998

0.93

(0.71 1.22)

0.492

Log pseudo-likelihood

-2338

-2326

-2156

-1945

15435

Sample size

15423

14448

13019

Joint significance of rural

X²(7) = 11.5

p = 0.116