Skip to main content

Table 2 Association between hypertension and location, without and with adjustments for population and practice characteristics

From: Is the health of people living in rural areas different from those in cities? Evidence from routine data linked with the Scottish Health Survey

Hypertension

 

Model 1

  

Model 2

  

Model 3

  

Model 4 2

 
 

OR*

(99% CI)

P > z

OR

(99% CI)

P > z

OR

(99% CI)

P > z

OR

(99% CI)

P > z

Age and sex

            

Male < 30

ref.

  

ref.

  

ref.

  

ref.

  

Male30_34

1.86

(0.96 3.58)

0.015

1.88

(0.97 3.62)

0.013

1.77

(0.88 3.54)

0.036

1.90

(0.93 3.86)

0.020

Male35_39

2.52

(1.34 4.75)

< 0.001

2.52

(1.34 4.75)

< 0.001

2.34

(1.19 4.59)

0.001

2.30

(1.15 4.62)

0.002

Male40_44

5.29

(2.98 9.41)

< 0.001

5.30

(2.98 9.44)

< 0.001

5.20

(2.76 9.80)

< 0.001

5.14

(2.68 9.86)

< 0.001

Male45_49

7.16

(4.03 12.71)

< 0.001

7.21

(4.06 12.79)

< 0.001

6.72

(3.58 12.61)

< 0.001

7.33

(3.84 13.96)

< 0.001

Male50_54

11.08

(6.43 19.07)

< 0.001

11.09

(6.44 19.12)

< 0.001

10.71

(5.89 19.49)

< 0.001

11.24

(6.09 20.75)

< 0.001

Male55_59

13.91

(8.02 24.11)

< 0.001

14.01

(8.08 24.30)

< 0.001

13.41

(7.39 24.33)

< 0.001

13.51

(7.34 24.87)

< 0.001

Male60_64

18.55

(10.86 31.70)

< 0.001

18.67

(10.92 31.94)

< 0.001

17.53

(9.81 31.35)

< 0.001

19.35

(10.67 35.11)

< 0.001

Male65_69

22.00

(12.20 39.66)

< 0.001

22.46

(12.45 40.51)

< 0.001

20.91

(11.07 39.47)

< 0.001

23.11

(11.86 45.04)

< 0.001

Male70_74

22.45

(11.88 42.42)

< 0.001

22.89

(12.11 43.25)

< 0.001

21.01

(10.63 41.50)

< 0.001

20.89

(10.36 42.12)

< 0.001

Female < 30

0.33

(0.12 0.90)

0.004

0.33

(0.12 0.90)

0.005

0.28

(0.09 0.89)

0.005

0.33

(0.10 1.07)

0.015

Female30_34

0.45

(0.17 1.16)

0.030

0.45

(0.18 1.17)

0.031

0.38

(0.14 1.06)

0.016

0.40

(0.14 1.15)

0.025

Female35_39

1.15

(0.58 2.29)

0.589

1.16

(0.59 2.31)

0.571

1.13

(0.53 2.39)

0.675

1.14

(0.52 2.50)

0.657

Female40_44

1.90

(1.00 3.60)

0.010

1.91

(1.01 3.62)

0.009

1.81

(0.90 3.61)

0.028

1.84

(0.86 3.92)

0.039

Female45_49

3.75

(2.09 6.72)

< 0.001

3.78

(2.10 6.79)

< 0.001

3.57

(1.89 6.77)

< 0.001

3.56

(1.86 6.82)

< 0.001

Female50_54

7.14

(4.06 12.55)

< 0.001

7.18

(4.09 12.62)

< 0.001

6.60

(3.52 12.38)

< 0.001

7.19

(3.83 13.51)

< 0.001

Female55_59

9.37

(5.37 16.34)

< 0.001

9.49

(5.44 16.55)

< 0.001

8.75

(4.71 16.25)

< 0.001

9.09

(4.83 17.09)

< 0.001

Female60_64

16.30

(9.50 27.97)

< 0.001

16.31

(9.48 28.07)

< 0.001

14.19

(7.65 26.29)

< 0.001

14.88

(7.90 28.01)

< 0.001

Female65_69

21.90

(12.35 38.82)

< 0.001

22.20

(12.50 39.44)

< 0.001

19.77

(10.42 37.49)

< 0.001

20.90

(10.69 40.88)

< 0.001

Female70_74

35.42

(19.90 63.05)

< 0.001

36.02

(20.22 64.18)

< 0.001

32.74

(17.26 62.13)

< 0.001

33.11

(17.35 63.17)

< 0.001

Location1

            

PC

   

ref.

  

ref.

  

ref.

  

US

   

1.01

(0.84 1.21)

0.925

1.04

(0.86 1.26)

0.573

1.06

(0.87 1.29)

0.452

AST

   

1.03

(0.78 1.37)

0.758

1.06

(0.80 1.40)

0.602

1.09

(0.82 1.45)

0.458

RST

   

0.57

(0.33 1.00)

0.010

0.60

(0.35 1.05)

0.018

0.68

(0.37 1.24)

0.096

VRST

   

1.40

(0.86 2.27)

0.074

1.59

(1.03 2.45)

0.006

1.50

(0.95 2.35)

0.021

AR

   

0.96

(0.74 1.25)

0.682

1.02

(0.78 1.34)

0.868

1.03

(0.77 1.37)

0.809

RR

   

0.99

(0.63 1.56)

0.949

1.04

(0.65 1.64)

0.845

1.08

(0.68 1.72)

0.655

VRR

   

1.05

(0.76 1.46)

0.679

1.17

(0.84 1.63)

0.234

1.09

(0.75 1.60)

0.542

Social Class

            

Intermediate

   

ref.

ref.

       

Professional

      

1.18

(0.78 1.80)

0.305

1.12

(0.72 1.73)

0.506

Skilled non-manual

      

1.14

(0.89 1.46)

0.110

1.12

(0.86 1.45)

0.279

Skilled manual

      

1.13

(0.89 1.43)

0.146

1.17

(0.91 1.51)

0.100

Partly skilled

      

1.10

(0.86 1.40)

0.335

1.14

(0.88 1.48)

0.190

Unskilled

      

1.10

(0.81 1.50)

0.409

1.13

(0.81 1.57)

0.338

House ownership

            

Owned

      

ref.

  

ref.

  

Publicly rented

      

1.34

(1.11 1.60)

< 0.001

1.35

(1.11 1.63)

< 0.001

Privately rented

      

1.08

(0.66 1.60)

0.690

1.13

(0.68 1.87)

0.528

Others

      

1.09

(0.57 2.10)

0.721

1.15

(0.57 2.29)

0.607

Practice char.

            

WTE GPs per 1000 pop.

         

0.83

(0.49 1.40)

0.361

GPs age (mean)

         

0.99

(0.98 1.01)

0.340

Survey year 1998

         

0.98

(0.81 1.19)

0.822

Log pseudo-likelihood

-4135

  

-4127

  

-3931

  

-3541

  

Sample size

13227

  

13216

  

12424

  

11193

  

Joint significance of rural

         

X2(7) = 8.19

p = 0.31 6

 
  1. * OR Odds Ratio ref. reference group 1 PC Primary Cities, US Urban Settlements, AST Accessible Small Towns, RST Remote Small Towns, VRST Very Remote Small Towns, AR Accessible Rural, RR Remote Rural, VRR Very Remote Rural. 2 p-values calculated using standard errors clustered by practice