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Table 3 Adjusted odds-ratios (AOR) of the use of experimental antiretroviral drugs in a therapy initiation/change episode by demographic/epidemiological characteristics of patients and clinical and laboratory data at the time of initiation/change

From: Determinants of access to experimental antiretroviral drugs in an Italian cohort of patients with HIV: a multilevel analysis

 

Model 1

Model 2

Model 3

 

Overall use of an experimental antiretroviral

Use of an experimental antiretroviral in a clinical trial

Use of an experimental antiretroviral in an EAPa

 

AOR

95%CI

p

AOR

95%CI

p

AOR

95%CI

p

Total AIDS cases reported in the clinical centre

  

0.94

  

0.79

  

0.93

0-250

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

251-500

1.10

(0.64-1.91)

 

1.07

(0.50-2.29)

 

1.07

(0.58-1.96)

 

501-1000

1.03

(0.59-1.79)

 

0.97

(0.45-2.11)

 

0.99

(0.54-1.81)

 

> 1000

0.93

(0.54-1.60)

 

0.74

(0.35-1.59)

 

1.18

(0.65-2.11)

 

Type of clinical center

  

0.77

  

0.82

  

0.37

Non-teaching hospital

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Teaching hospital

0.94

(0.62-1.42)

 

1.07

(0.61-1.88)

 

0.82

(0.53-1.27)

 

Gender

  

0.41

  

0.69

  

0.48

Female

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Male

0.89

(0.67-1.18)

 

0.92

(0.62-1.37)

 

0.87

(0.59-1.28)

 

Age at therapy initiation/change (per 5 year increase)

1.00

(0.94-1.08)

0.90

0.99

(0.90-1.09)

0.82

1.02

(0.93-1.12)

0.70

Place of birth

  

0.36

  

0.97

  

0.14

Italy

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Other countries

0.80

(0.51-1.28)

 

1.01

(0.56-1.83)

 

0.57

(0.28-1.19)

 

Years of education

  

0.64

  

0.76

  

0.81

< = 8

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

9-13

1.14

(0.87-1.48)

 

1.19

(0.82-1.73)

 

1.11

(0.77-1.59)

 

> 13

1.24

(0.75-2.05)

 

1.23

(0.60-2.50)

 

1.33

(0.67-2.64)

 

Unknown

0.96

(0.70-1.32)

 

0.97

(0.62-1.52)

 

0.97

(0.63-1.49)

 

Marital status

  

0.07

  

0.41

  

0.03

Never married

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Married

1.25

(0.99-1.58)

 

1.15

(0.83-1.59)

 

1.43

(1.03-1.98)

 

Occupational status

  

0.79

  

0.92

  

0.81

Unemployed

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Employed

1.08

(0.83-1.41)

 

1.08

(0.74-1.57)

 

1.07

(0.74-1.55)

 

Other

1.19

(0.65-2.17)

 

1.08

(0.46-2.53)

 

1.30

(0.57-2.97)

 

HIV exposure category

  

0.09

  

0.99

  

0.01

Heterosexual

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Homosexual/Bisexual

1.33

(0.96-1.85)

 

1.05

(0.66-1.66)

 

1.67

(1.06-2.63)

 

IDU (Active+Former)

0.85

(0.60-1.19)

 

1.00

(0.61-1.64)

 

0.79

(0.50-1.24)

 

Other/Unknown

0.92

(0.57-1.47)

 

1.04

(0.57-1.88)

 

0.74

(0.35-1.55)

 

Clinical and laboratory data at treatment change

         

Clinical AIDS

  

0.81

  

0.12

  

0.24

No

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Yes

0.96

(0.72-1.29)

 

0.71

(0.45-1.10)

 

1.25

(0.86-1.81)

 

CD4 cell count (cells/ml)

  

0.62

  

0.65

  

0.65

< 200

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

200-349

0.89

(0.66-1.21)

 

0.82

(0.54-1.25)

 

0.97

(0.64-1.48)

 

> = 350

1.02

(0.76-1.35)

 

0.89

(0.60-1.32)

 

1.15

(0.77-1.70)

 

HIV RNA (log 10 copies/ml)

  

0.05

  

0.99

  

0.01

< 2

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

2-3

1.27

(0.87-1.83)

 

1.05

(0.60-1.83)

 

1.39

(0.86-2.26)

 

> = 4

1.55

(1.07-2.23)

 

1.02

(0.58-1.80)

 

2.05

(1.28-3.28)

 

Presence of hepatic comorbidities

  

0.96

  

0.05

  

0.05

No

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Yes

1.01

(0.76-1.33)

 

0.65

(0.43-0.99)

 

1.44

(1.00-2.09)

 

Presence of other b comorbidities

  

0.85

  

0.98

  

0.96

No

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

Yes

1.04

(0.71-1.52)

 

0.99

(0.54-1.83)

 

1.01

(0.62-1.64)

 

Number of experienced drugs

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

Naive

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

3-4

1.06

(0.78-1.44)

 

0.55

(0.35-0.87)

 

2.49

(1.58-3.93)

 

5-7

1.40

(0.91-2.15)

 

0.57

(0.28-1.15)

 

3.54

(1.99-6.30)

 

> 8

3.71

(2.13-6.45)

 

2.60

(1.08-6.28)

 

7.07

(3.43-14.56)

 

Number of failed drugs

  

0.002

  

0.94

  

< 0.001

0-2

1.00

  

1.00

  

1.00

  

3-4

1.42

(1.03-1.95)

 

1.07

(0.62-1.83)

 

1.57

(1.06-2.33)

 

> 5

2.38

(1.47-3.86)

 

1.17

(0.48-2.83)

 

2.96

(1.67-5.23)

 

Calendar year (1 year increase)

0.80

(0.76-0.84)

< 0.001

0.78

(0.73-0.85)

< 0.001

0.82

(0.76-0.88)

< 0.001

Likelihood Ratio test for significance of Random effect

  

< 0.001

  

< 0.001

  

0.001

  1. a Expanded access program; b cardio-vascular/metabolic diseases or neoplasm
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