Cost component
|
Pneumonia Group
|
All Patients
|
No key comorbidity
|
Comorbid group
|
---|
| | | | | | |
Asthma
|
Diabetes
|
COPD
|
CHF
|
---|
Absenteeism
|
PNA
|
Sample size
| |
4,489
| |
3,940
| |
248
| |
220
| |
103
| |
34
|
| |
Mean
| |
$8,284
| |
$8,158
| |
$7,601
| |
$10,502
| |
$13,651
| |
$9,043
|
| |
(SD)
| |
($2,571)
| |
($2,362)
| |
($3,464)
| |
($4,627)
| |
($7,919)
| |
($7,962)
|
|
Controls
|
Sample size
| |
1 3,441
| |
11,802
| |
739
| |
1,006
| |
308
| |
1 01
|
| |
Mean
| |
$7,358
| |
$7,233
| |
$7,625
| |
$8,384
| |
$9,348
| |
$9,181
|
| |
(SD)
| |
($2,284)
| |
($2,095)
| |
($3,475)
| |
($3,694)
| |
($5,423)
| |
($8,084)
|
|
Excess cost of PNA
|
Mean
| |
$926
| |
$924
| |
$(24)
| |
$2,118
| |
$4,303
| |
$(139)
|
| |
(SE)
| |
($38)
| |
($38)
| |
($220)
| |
($312)
| |
($780)
| |
($1,366)
|
Short-term disability
|
PNA
|
Sample size
| |
15,468
| |
13,170
| |
894
| |
658
| |
545
| |
139
|
| |
Mean
| |
$3,535
| |
$2,997
| |
$5,074
| |
$5,124
| |
$5,241
| |
$7,170
|
| |
(SD)
| |
($7,258)
| |
($5,456)
| |
($8,505)
| |
($6,287)
| |
($2,697)
| |
($5,866)
|
|
Controls
|
Sample size
| |
4 6,325
| |
39,470
| |
2,664
| |
3,004
| |
1,626
| |
414
|
| |
Mean
| |
$1,427
| |
$1,187
| |
$1,901
| |
$2,198
| |
$3,089
| |
$4,190
|
| |
(SD)
| |
($2,929)
| |
($2,161)
| |
($3,186)
| |
($2,696)
| |
($1,590)
| |
($3,428)
|
|
Excess cost of PNA
|
Mean
| |
$2,108
| |
$1,810
| |
$3,173
| |
$2,927
| |
$2,151
| |
$2,981
|
| |
(SE)
| |
($58)
| |
($48)
| |
($284)
| |
($245)
| |
($116)
| |
($498)
|
Total productivity costs
|
PNA
|
Mean
| |
$11,819
| |
$11,155
| |
$12,675
| |
$15,626
| |
$18,891
| |
$16,213
|
| |
(SD)
| |
($7,700)
| |
($5,945)
| |
($9,184)
| |
($7,807)
| |
($8,366)
| |
($9,889)
|
|
Controls
|
Mean
| |
$8,785
| |
$8,420
| |
9,526
| |
$10,582
| |
$12,437
| |
$13,371
|
| |
(SD)
| |
($3,714)
| |
($3,010)
| |
($4,715)
| |
($4,574)
| |
($5,651)
| |
($8,780)
|
|
Excess cost of PNA
|
Mean
| |
$3,034
| |
$2,734
| |
$3,149
| |
$5,044
| |
$6,454
| |
$2,842
|
| |
(SE)
| |
($55)
| |
($45)
| |
($272)
| |
($263)
| |
($329)
| |
($752)
|
- Abbreviations: PNA, pneumonia; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CHF, congestive heart failure; SD, standard deviation; SE, standard error.
- Note: comorbid groups are not mutually exclusive. Cost estimates are from generalized linear regressions.
- All excess cost estimates are significant at p<0.01 except for absenteeism in the asthma and CHF comorbid groups.