Skip to main content

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients aged 18-64 years with community acquired pneumonia (CAP) and non-pneumonia controls

From: Comorbidities as a driver of the excess costs of community-acquired pneumonia in U.S. commercially-insured working age adults

 

Pneumonia Cases

Non-Pneumonia Controls

Standardized Difference (%)

Sample Size

402,831

1,203,823

Not applicable

Sociodemographics characteristics of patients

Male

45.6%

45.9%

0.58

Age in years, mean (sd)

46.8 (12.2)

46.5 (12.3)

2.37

Age group (yrs.)

  

0.00

  18-34

17.6%

17.6%

0.02

  35-44

20.8%

20.9%

0.02

  45-54

28.4%

28.8%

0.87

  55-64

33.1%

32.7%

0.87

Comorbid conditions in patients

  

0.00

 Charlson-Deyo index, mean (sd)

0.44 (1.07)

0.45 (1.02)

0.74

Selected for excess cost analyses

 Asthma

6.3%

6.0%

1.31

 Diabetes

8.1%

8.6%

1.65

 COPD

4.1%

2.7%

7.23

 Congestive heart failure

1.3%

1.1%

1.91

Others

 Cardiovascular disease

22.2%

23.0%

1.93

 Cancer

6.0%

6.2%

0.98

 HIV/AIDS

0.3%

0.3%

0.39

 Hepatitis B

0.0%

0.0%

0.12

 Hepatitis C

0.4%

0.2%

2.30

 Orthopedic Surgery

0.1%

0.2%

1.27

 Other Musculoskeletal Surgery

2.2%

2.3%

0.98

 Pregnancy

0.8%

1.0%

1.40

Patient's follow-up in days, mean (sd)

318.2 (97.6)

318.4 (100.1)

0.20

Insurance plan type

 Preferred Provider Organization (PPO)

55.0%

56.3%

2.50

 Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

20.2%

19.9%

0.80

 Point of Service (POS)

10.4%

10.4%

0.16

 Comprehensive

8.7%

6.8%

7.27

 Other

5.6%

6.6%

4.07

Plan Type

   

 Capitated

21.7%

21.7%

0.13

Geographic region

 Northeast

10.6%

10.7%

0.43

 North Central

27.0%

26.6%

0.90

 South

41.8%

42.4%

1.13

 West

20.2%

19.9%

0.68

 Unknown

0.5%

0.4%

0.30

Urban/Rural residence

 Urban

80.6%

82.2%

4.33

 Rural

19.0%

17.4%

4.29

 Unknown

0.4%

0.4%

0.46

Industry type

 Manufacturing, Durable Goods

20.8%

20.7%

0.29

 Transportation, Communications, Utilities

10.5%

10.6%

0.56

 Services

6.3%

6.3%

0.23

 Manufacturing, Nondurable Goods

5.4%

5.5%

0.54

 Finance, Insurance, Real Estate

5.3%

4.9%

1.88

 Retail Trade

4.5%

4.9%

2.05

 Oil & Gas Extraction, Mining

0.8%

0.8%

0.36

 Unknown

46.4%

46.2%

0.45

Dependent status

 Employee

63.3%

62.3%

2.09

 Dependent

36.7%

37.7%

2.09

Pre-period Expenditures

 Total inpatient costs

$1,005 ($10,752)

$1,078 ($9,746)

0.71

 Total outpatient costs

$2,927 ($12,033)

$1,896 ($7,291)

10.36

 Total outpatient pharmacy costs

$1,055 ($2,318)

$686 ($1,704)

18.14

  1. Abbreviations: sd, standard deviation.