Table 1 Study Characteristics
Author | Year | Country | Sample characteristics | Analysis | Variables/Measures | Outcome | Quality appraisal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Andersen and Urban [36] | 1998 | USA | Breast cancer survivors n = 485 50–80 years old 3-20+ years post-diagnosis | Multiple logistic regression | Receipt of mammogram, usual source of care,1 recommendation by physician for mammogram and insurance coverage | Receipt of mammogram | Average |
Andrykowski and Burris [45] | 2010 | USA | SEER database Breast cancer survivors n = 42 Colorectal cancer survivors n = 33 Hematological cancer survivors n = 38 1–5 years post-diagnosis Aged 25–75 years old | Multiple regression | Socio-demographics, cancer characteristics, mental health resource questionnaire | Use of formal and informal mental health services | Very good |
Boehmer et al. [34] | 2010 | USA | Colorectal cancer survivors Aged 22–92 years old n = 253 | Cox proportional hazard models | Colonoscopies, sigmoidoscopy, cancer type, stage, co-morbidities, outpatient visits, socio-demographics | Receipt of colorectal surveillance procedures | Very good |
Cooper et al. [29] | 2000 | USA | SEER-MEDICARE database Colorectal cancer survivors Localised disease Surgically treated >65 years old n = 5, 716 | Chi-square test | Socio-demographics, inpatient claims, outpatient claims, use of endoscopic procedures (colonoscopy, polypectomy or biopsy) | Receipt of colorectal surveillance procedures | Very good |
Cooper and Payes [28] | 2006 | USA | SEER-MEDICARE database Colorectal cancer survivors >65 years old n = 62, 882 survived 1 year follow-up n = 35, 784 survived 3 year follow-up | Logistic regression | Medicare claims2 for colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy or barium enema, co-morbidities | Use of surveillance procedures for colorectal cancer within 3 years of diagnosis | Very good |
Cooper, Kou and Reynolds [31] | 2008 | USA | SEER database Colorectal cancer survivors >65 years old n = 9, 426 | Multivariate regression | Number of physician visits, receipt of carcino-embryonic antigen blood test (CEA),3 colonoscopy, CT and PET scans | Adherence to guidelines for cancer follow-up | Good |
Doubeni et al. [27] | 2006 | USA | Breast cancer survivors n = 797 at baseline (end of treatment) n = 262 after 5 yrs >55 years old 4 geographically diverse Health Maintenance Organisations (HMOs).4 | Generalised estimated equations (GEE) | Receipt of mammograms. age, date and stage at/of diagnosis, treatment. co-morbidities. visits to primary care provider (primary care physician) and outpatient visits | Receipt of yearly mammogram and visits to physicians | Very good |
Earle et al. [23] | 2003 | USA | SEER database Breast cancer survivors > 65 years old, n = 5,965 Controls n = 6,062 | Multivariate regression | Frequency of visits to primary care physician, oncologists, other and teaching hospitals, receipt of flu vaccine, lipid test, cervical exam, colon exam, bone densitometry and diabetes test | Visits to physicians and receipt of preventive medicine | Very good |
Earle and Neville [19] | 2004 | USA | SEER database Colorectal cancer survivors > 65 years old n = 14,884 | Logistic regression | Co-morbidities, socio-demographics, receipt of flu vaccine, lipid testing, bone densitometry and cervical screening | Visits to physicians and receipt of preventive medicine | Very good |
Earle, Neville and Fletcher [43] | 2007 | USA | Breast, lymphoma, colorectal, melanoma and other cancer survivors Mean age 60 years n = 1,111 Controls n = 4,444 | Logistic regression ` | Mental health diagnoses, co-morbidities, socio-demographics, use of primary care physician, oncologist, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and inpatient hospitalisations (both general and mental). | Use of mental health provider services | Good |
Ellison et al. [33] | 2003 | USA | SEER database Colorectal cancer survivors >65 years old n = 52, 105 | Kaplan-Meier survival analysis Unconditional regression analysis Cox regression | Socio-demographic, hospital and clinical characteristics, receipt of colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, endoscopy and barium enema | Differential receipt of colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, endoscopy and barium enema by race | Good |
Gray et al. [41] | 2000 | Canada | Breast cancer survivors n = 731 Histologically confirmed and invasive | Stepwise logistic regression | Use of specialised supportive care services, wish to use services that were not accessed, social and demographic characteristics. | Use of professional supportive care services provided by the Ontario health care system | Very good |
Gray et al. [42] | 2002 | Canada | Breast cancer survivors 63 % <60 years old 23–36 months post-diagnosis n = 731 | Logistic regression | Supportive care from physicians and nurses, socio-demographics, illness and treatment information | Use of professional supportive care | Good |
Grunfeld et al. [16] | 1999 | UK | Breast cancer survivors n = 148 Two district general hospitals | Two-tailed t-test and chi-square | Record of visits, average cost of visits, out-of patient expenses, waiting times, lost earnings and lost earnings of accompanying person | GP follow-up vs. Hospital follow-up. Cost-effectiveness and cost to patient, | Average |
Grunfeld et al. [17] | 2011 | Canada | Breast cancer survivors n = 408 Nine tertiary cancer centres | Two-tailed t-test | Use of survivorship care plans (vs. no survivorship care plans) in primary care physician led follow-up. Frequency of visits to oncologists. | Primary care physician led follow-up | Very good |
Keating et al. [25] | 2006 | USA | SEER-MEDICARE database Breast cancer survivors Stage 1 or 2 Underwent surgery >65 years old | Repeated-measures logistic regression | Mammogram receipt, visits to primary care physician medical oncologist, general surgeon, radiation oncologist and other specialists, socio-demographics | Factors related to mammography use | Very good |
Keating et al. [11] | 2007 | USA | SEER database Breast cancer survivors >65 years old n = 37,967 in year 1 n = 30,406 in year 2 n = 23,016 in year 3 | Repeated-measures logistic regression | Receipt of bone scans, tumour antigen tests (TAT), Chest x-rays and other abdominal/chest imaging, frequency of visits to physicians and socio-demographics | Receipt of a number of surveillance procedures and visits to physicians over time | Very good |
Khan et al. [38] | 2010 | UK | GPRD database Breast cancer survivors N = 18, 612 Colorectal cancer survivors N = 5, 764 Prostate cancer survivors N = 4, 868 >30 years old 5 years post-diagnosis Controls N = 116,418 | Multivariate regression | Socio-demographics, use of primary care, frequency of visits | Primary care consultations | Very good |
Khan, Watson and Rose [20] | 2011 | UK | GPRD database Prostate cancer survivors N = 4,868 Breast cancer survivors N = 18,612 Colorectal cancer survivors N = 5,764 Controls N = 145,662 | Logistic regression | Co-morbidities, screening (PSA, cervical, mammogram), receipt of preventative procedures and socio-demographics | Receipt of screening and preventative care | Very good |
Knopf et al. [37] | 2001 | USA | SEER database Colorectal cancer survivors >65 years old n = 52, 283 | Kaplan-Meier survival analysis | Receipt of colonoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, endoscopy and barium enema, age, tumour stage at diagnosis and year of diagnosis | Receipt of bowel surveillance procedures | Very Good |
Lafata et al. [30] | 2001 | USA | Colorectal cancer survivors n = 251 | Kaplan-Meier survival analysis Cox proportional hazards | Socio-demographics, receipt of colonoscopy, CEA, barium enema, chest x-ray, MRI’s, ultrasounds and liver analysis | Receipt of colon screening procedures and other procedures | Very good |
Mahboubi et al. [15] | 2007 | France | Colorectal cancer survivors <65 years old N = 389 | Logistic regression | Co-morbidities, chest radiograph, abdominal ultrasound, colonoscopy, CT, TAT, blood tests and reason for testing (routine or symptomatic) | Characteristics associated with visits to GPs | Very good |
Mandelblatt et al. [13] | 2006 | USA | Breast cancer survivors n = 418 Stage 1 and 2 | Multivariate linear regression | Calendar diary of health service use, socio-demographics, cancer treatment information, co-morbidities and psychological status survey | Patterns and determinants of health service use | Very good |
Mayer et al. [35] | 2007 | USA | NCI 2003 HINTS5 n = 619 Breast cancer survivors n = 119 Prostate cancer survivors n = 62 Colorectal cancer survivors n = 49 Others n = 389 | Logistic regression | Based on the health belief model (HBM),6 cancer communication, cancer history, general cancer knowledge, cancer risk and screening, health status and demographics. | Screening practices and beliefs | Very good |
McBean, Yu and Virnig [39] | 2008 | USA | SEER database: Uterine cancer survivors >65 years old n = 14,575 Controls n = 58,420 | Multivariate logistic regression Generalised equation modelling | Receipt of flu vaccine, bone densitometry, colorectal screening and mammogram no. of physician services and socio-demographics | Use of preventive services and frequency of physician visits | Very good |
Mols, Helfenrath and van de Poll-Fanse [14] | 2007a | Netherlands | Endometrial cancer Prostate cancer Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma survivors n = 1,112 | Linear regression Multivariate linear regression | SF-36, self-reported health service use, frequency of visits, co-morbidities and socio-demographics | Patterns of physician use | Very good |
Mols, Coebergh and van de Poll-Fanse [22] | 2007b | Netherlands | Endometrial cancer Prostate cancer, Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma survivors n = 1,231 | Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression | Co-morbidity, socio-demographics, use of medical specialist, general practitioner, additional services (physiotherapist. and psychologist) | Frequency of physician use | Very good |
Oleske et al. [47] | 2004 | USA | Breast cancer survivors Aged between 21–65 years n = 123 | Multivariate logistic regression | Use and frequency of physician and admissions, services in past 12 months. reasons for hospitalisations, SRS (social responsiveness scale) and CES-D (depression scale) | Determination of factors associated with hospitalisation | Very good |
Peuckmann et al. [12] | 2009 | Denmark | Breast cancer survivors n = 1,316 Controls n = 4,865 | Risk ratios and multiple logistic regression analysis | Frequency of physical visits, socio-demographics, physical activity and BMI. HR-QOL (SF-36) and chronic pain | Frequency and determinants of health service use | Very good |
Schapira, McAuliffe and Nattinger [32] | 2000 | USA | SEER database Breast cancer survivors >65 years old n = 3,885 | Logistic model | Receipt of mammogram, co-morbidity, socio-economic status (SES) and preventive treatment received | Receipt of Mammogram over two year period | Good |
Schootman et al. [44] | 2008 | USA | SEER database Breast cancer survivors >65 years old n = 47, 643 | Restricted iterative generalised least squares and first-order marginal quasi-likelihood estimation analysis | Frequency of Ambulatory-Care-Sensitive Hospitalizations (ACSH)7 SES, co-morbidity, demographics, availability of medical care, visits to primary care physician and oncologists | Frequency of Ambulatory-Care-Sensitive Hospitalizations | Very good |
Simpson, Carlson and Trew [18] | 2001 | USA | Breast cancer survivors Time point 1 n = 46 Time point 4 n = 30 Controls Time point 1 n = 43 Time point 4 n = 25 | ANOVA | Average cost of care, no. of cancer centre visits and a number of psychological distress indicators including BDI, POMS and Mental adjustment to cancer scale | Billing of Health care as a proxy to use. Visits to cancer centre Correlation of billing to distress. | Good |
Snyder et al. [9] | 2008a | USA | SEER database Colorectal cancer survivors >65 years old n = 1,541 | Poisson regression and logistic regression | Clinical and socio-demographic characteristics, visits to primary care physician, oncologist or other physicians. Receipt of influenza vaccine, cholesterol screening, mammogram, cervical screening and bone densitometry | Frequency of physician visits and receipt of preventive care | Very good |
Snyder et al. [10] | 2008b | USA | SEER database Colorectal cancer survivors >65 years old n = 20,068 | Poisson regression and logistic regression analysis | Co-morbidities, socio-demographics, visits to primary care physician, oncologist and other physicians, receipt of influenza vaccine, cholesterol screening, mammogram, and bone densitometry | Visits to physicians and receipt of preventive care | Good |
Snyder et al. [24] | 2009a | USA | SEER database Breast cancer survivors >65 years old n = 23, 73 Controls n = 23, 731 | Poisson regression and logistic regression analysis | Use of physician and oncology services, receipt of 5 preventive care services and socio-demographics. | Visits to physicians and oncologists and preventive medicine | Good |
Snyder et al. [26] | 2009b | USA | SEER database Breast cancer survivors >65 years old Stages 1–3 n = 1,961 Controls n = 1,961 | Poisson regression and logistic regression analysis | Co-morbidities, clinical and demographic characteristics, visits to primary care physician, oncologists and other physicians | Frequency of visits to physicians | Good |
Van de Poll-Fanse et al. [21] | 2006 | Netherlands | Breast cancer survivors Invasive n = 183 | Logistic regression | Co-morbidities, spontaneously reported problems, use of GP, medical specialist and physiotherapist, health status and psychological well-being | Use of physician services | Good |
Yu, McBean and Virnig [40] | 2007 | USA | SEER database Colorectal cancer survivors >65 years old n = 112, 737. | Logistic regression and poisson regression | Socio-demographic characteristics, co-morbidities, receipt of mammogram, visits to primary care physician, Gynaecologists only, oncologists and other | Receipt of mammogram and visits to physicians | Good |