Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients included in trial
High utilizer screened with major depression in the B-PHQ | 129 | ||
• DIA-X negative for psychiatric disorder | 7 | ||
• Other non-affective disorder (psychosis, somatisation, etc.) | 11 | ||
• DIA-X positive for unipolar major depression and study entry | 63 | ||
• Excluded from study participation | 48 | ||
- depressive episode already remitted or treated | 10 | ||
- dysthymia | 15 | ||
- inadequate cognitive or language ability to complete questionnaires | 4 | ||
- withdrawal of informed consent | 1 | ||
- severe suicidal ideation | 18 | ||
Intervention n = 19 | Treatment as usual n = 44 | p-value | |
Age (years, mean ± SD) | 44.5 ± 12.0 | 51.9 ± 14.0 | 0.048 |
Gender (% male) | 21 | 30 | 0.552 |
Education | 0.737 | ||
- % no degree | 12 | 5 | |
- % elementary school | 29 | 28 | |
- % secondary school | 35 | 35 | |
- % A-levels | 18 | 15 | |
- % university degree | 6 | 18 | |
Work status | 0.787 | ||
- % on sick leave | 47 | 55 | |
- % unemployed | 26 | 20 | |
- % retired | 16 | 18 | |
% with household income equivalent < US$ 1000 | 42 | 32 | 0.553 |
Depression severity (HAMD sum score, mean ± SD) | 20.6 ± 4.4 | 18.5 ± 6.5 | 0.247 |
Self-rated depression (B-PHQ sum score, mean ± SD) | 17.6 ± 4.4 | 16.0 ± 3.7 | 0.089 |
% with somatic comorbidity | |||
- cardiovascular disease | 84 | 61 | 0.934 |
- diabetes | 11 | 9 | 0.843 |
- chronic pain syndrome | 63 | 50 | 0.272 |