Table 1 Socio-demographic and risk profile of participants

Socio-demographic profile

Age (years)

57.6 ± 14.6

57.2 ± 15.2

58.0 ± 14.2

.209

Male gender

907 (43%)

907 (100%)

—

Caucasian ethnicity

2030 (96%)

863 (95%)

1167 (96%)

0.88 [0.58-1.32]

.523

Married / living with partner

1566 (74%)

727 (81%)

839 (69%)

1.92 [1.56-2.36]

<.001

Secondary school highest education

1203 (59%)

452 (38%)

751 (62%)

0.59 [0.49-0.70]

<.001

Current occupation:

Professionals/Semi-professionals

251 (25%)

123 (26%)

128 (25%)

<.001

Technical/Tradespeople

191 (19%)

137 (29%)

54 (10%)

Unskilled workers

559 (56%)

220 (46%)

339 (65%)

Risk factor profile

Current smoking

227 (11%)

104 (12%)

123 (10%)

1.15 [0.87-1.52]

.313

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

137 ± 21

141 ± 19

134 ± 22

<.001

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

75 ± 11

79 ± 10

73 ± 10

<.001

Body mass index (kg/m²)

27.7 ± 5.1

28.0 ± 4.5

27.5 ± 5.5

.035

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

5.21 ± 1.13

5.14 ± 1.17

5.26 ± 1.10

.013

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.98 ± 1.02

3.02 ± 1.04

2.96 ± 1.00

.175

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.34 ± 0.43

1.16 ± 0.38

1.47 ± 0.42

<.001

TC/HDL ratio (mmol/L)

4.22 ± 1.70

4.77 ± 1.89

3.81 ± 1.42

<.001

Glucose (mmol/L)

5.80 ± 1.53

6.02 ± 1.72

5.64 ± 1.36

<.001

Alcohol consumption (drinks per week)

4.3 ± 7.8

6.51 ± 10.28

2.85 ± 5.02

<.001

Physical activity (MET-minutes per week)

998 [446–2083]

1118 [518–2611]

924 [396–1817]

<.001

Absolute COD risk (%)

Primary

8 ± 6

12 ± 7

6 ± 4

<.001

Secondary

6 ± 4

9 ± 2

3 ± 2

<.001

≥ 2 modifiable risk factors

1508 (71%)

686 (76%)

822 (68%)

1.50 [1.23-1.81]

<.001

Family history of CVD

673 (32%)

266 (29%)

407 (33%)

0.83 [0.69-1.00]

.045

Pre-existing CVD

360 (17%)

178 (20%)

182 (15%)

1.39 [1.11-1.75]

.004

Type 2 diabetes/hyperglycaemia

124 (6%)

60 (7%)

64 (5%)

1.28 [0.89-1.85]

.178

Potential depression

514 (25%)

190 (22%)

324 (28%)

0.72 [0.59-0.89]

.002

Major ECG abnormality

209 (11%)

129 (15%)

80 (7%)

2.35 [1.75-3.16]

<.001