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Table 2 Mean, median and range for the components of non-medical expenditure incurred for those who arrived alive at study hospitals following road traffic injury by select variables

From: Burden of out-of-pocket expenditure for road traffic injuries in urban India

Variable

Category

N

Type of cost

Transportation* (In USD**)

Food & phone† (In USD**)

Vehicle‡ (In USD**)

Legal (In USD**)

Miscellaneous§ (In USD**)

Mean (SD)

Median

Range

Mean (SD)

Median

Range

Mean (SD)

Median

Range

Mean (SD)

Median

Range

Mean (SD)

Median

Range

Type of road user††

Pedestrian/ cyclist

220

84.6

56.5

1.6-84.1

72.8

54.5

0.8-359.8

0.5

0

0-18.2

7.3

0

0-134.1

91.8

5

0-1,386.4

  

(103.6)

  

(64)

  

(2.1)

  

(19.7)

  

(236.7)

  

MTV

356

107.1

42.7

0.8-8,015.9

83.2

47.6

0.6-1,688.3

49.7

5.1

0-2,181.8

11.2

0

0-545.5

98.2

4.3

0-4,697.7

  

(453.8)

  

(118.8)

  

(142.5)

  

(42.2)

  

(349)

  

Others

147

70

54.8

0.3-316.7

81.1

58.2

3.0-732.4

102.2

0

0-4,545.5

27.1

0

0-2,386.4

44.2

3.1

0-686.4

   

(59.1)

  

(82.7)

  

(516.4)

  

(200.1)

  

(119.3)

  

Type of hospital‡‡

Private

168

135.2

34.3

0.8-8,015.9

74.6

39

0.6-1,688.3

79.3

0

0-3,409.1

22.4

0

0-2,386.4

105.3

1.1

0-4,697.7

  

(654.7)

  

(147.1)

  

(338.9)

  

(185.3)

  

(446)

  
 

Public

555

79.9

56.8

0.3-700.2

81.2

58.2

0.8-732.4

35.1

0

0-4,545.5

10.5

0

0-545.5

79.2

5.7

0-1,386.4

   

(86.8)

  

(77.3)

  

(223.4)

  

(39.2)

  

(210.7)

  

Per capita annual household income quartile‡‡ $

I (lowest)

197

 

59.1

0.8-686.4

 

52.6

1.0-1,688.3

 

0

0-4,545.5

 

0

0-545.5

 

5

0-1,386.4

  

72.1

  

85

  

43

  

10.8

  

93.2

  
  

(71.7)

  

(139.7)

  

(327.8)

  

(42.2)

  

(246.1)

  

II

192

101.2

62.7

0.3-2,597.7

85.2

69.8

3.0-464.0

35.2

0

0-1,818.2

7.7

0

0-204.5

81.3

6

0-4,697.7

  

(204)

  

(71.8)

  

(172.1)

  

(23.2)

  

(361.6)

  

III

153

76.7

42.5

1.4-840.9

70

46.4

0.8-336.8

28.7

0

0-544.0

9.1

0

0-417.0

68.7

3

0-1,250.9

  

(109)

  

(64.8)

  

(85)

  

(37.5)

  

(211.1)

  

IV (highest)

180

120.1

35.8

1.1-8015.9

76.2

43.2

0.6-653.8

73.4

0

0-3,409.1

25.5

0

0-2,386.4

93.6

1.8

0-2,275.0

   

(603.1)

  

(90)

  

(326.4)

  

(181.5)

  

(281.2)

  

Total

 

723

92.7

50.6

0.2-8015.9

79.6

52.3

0.6-1,688.3

45.4

0

0-4,545.5

13.3

0

0-2,386.4

85.3

4.3

0-4,697.7

   

(324.7)

  

(97.9)

  

(255.3)

  

(95.6)

  

(283.2)

  
  1. SD refers to standard deviation.
  2. * All transport expenses other than ambulance.
  3. † Food and phone expenses incurred by the household related to this road traffic crash (RTC).
  4. ‡ Repair/damage expenses of vehicle involved in RTC.
  5. Expenses related to police, compensation, death certificates, and lawyers to this RTC.
  6. § Expenses other than transportation, food/phone, vehicle and legal costs.
  7. **United States Dollar; 1 USD was approximately Indian Rupees 44 during the study period.
  8. †† Kruskal test for equality of median: p = 0.082, 0.493, , and 0.404 for transport, food & phone, and miscellaneous expenditure respectively; MTV: motorosied two-wheeled vehicles including moped/luna, scooter/scootertte and motorcycle; others include all vehicles other than MTV/ cycle & pedestrians.
  9. ‡ ‡ Kruskal test for equality of median: p < 0.001 for transport, food & phone, and miscellaneous expenditure.
  10. ¶¶ Data not available for 1 participant; Kruskal test for equality of median: p = 0.008, 0.040, and 0.003 for transport, food & phone, and miscellaneous expenditure respectively.
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BMC Health Services Research

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