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Table 3 Summary of international studies reporting the acute costs of trauma

From: The variation of acute treatment costs of trauma in high-income countries

Author (year)

Country

Number of participants (n)

Type of trauma

Mean ISS

Mean cost per trauma admission ($USD)

Mean charge per trauma admission ($USD)

Thomas (1988)

USA

340

Polytrauma

26+/-17

33701+/-36843

 

Buckley (1994)

USA

805

Polytrauma

10.9

 

16666

Mock (1994)

USA

GSW: 1116

Penetrating

GSW: 13.7

 

GSW:23313+/-42504

SW: 529

SW: 7.6

SW: 10334+/-117939

Kizer (1995)

USA

750

Penetrating

13(1-50)

22115

 

10*

12768*

Spaite (1995)

USA

BAL=>0mg/dL:29

Polytrauma

Group 1:10.3

 

Group 1: 11553; (89-209975)

BAL=0mg/dL:321

Group 2: 33

Group 2: 1875; (56-71448)

Goldfarb (1996)

USA

6963

Polytrauma

18.31+/-6.01

 

29598

27349*

OKeefe (1997)

USA

12088

Polytrauma Blunt Penetrating

11.2+/-9.1

23399+/-37134

 

Rogers (1997)

USA

1179

Poiytrauma

96+/-7.8

ISS 0-16: 8666

 

ISS 17-25: 22979

ISS>25: 57559

Young (1998)

USA

Group I (18-64 yr): 828

Polytrauma

Group 1: 13.8+/-10.7

Group 1: 24970 +/-4235

 

Group 2 (>65yr):159

Group 2: 162+/-11.1

Group 2:21602 +/- 37922

Taheri (1998)

USA

361

Polytrauma

Group 1: 14.4+/-0.5

Group 1: 15053

 

Group 2: 14.7+/-0.5

Group 2: 11036

Sartorelli (1999)

USA

1179

Polytrauma

7.2+/-7.6

12988+/-21549

 

Kaya (1999)

Turkey

347

Polytrauma

13.3+/-0.5

 

69839

Taheri (1999)

USA

696

Polytrauma

>15

14564

 

Rösch (2000)

Germany

39

Polytrauma

37

111209

 

Dueck (2001)

Canada

223

Polytrauma

18.8

8196

 
     

5226*

 

Park (2001)

USA

204

Polytrauma

TICU:25.8+/-7.9

TICU: 173013; 119397*

 

SICU:27.1+/-9.2

SICU:211130; 166653*

Schmelz (2002)

Germany

71

Polytrauma

23

32851

 

Ganzonie (2003)

Switzerland

35

Polytrauma

33.9 (25-66)

95380

 

Lanzorotti (2003)

USA

2634

Polytrauma

11.9 +/- 9.2 (1-75)

 

13096+/- 27003; (837-418553)

Grotz (2003)

Germany

103

Polytrauma

29.4

41522

 

Sikand (2005)

UK

171

Polytrauma

>15

27542; (3216-96558)

 

Small (2006)

Australia

180

Pedestrian

14.1

22713

 

Davis (2007)

USA

12615

Blunt Penetrating & TBI

10.67

 

60094

Christensen (2008)

UK

36564

Blunt

ISS 0-9: 60%

ISS 0-9: 11248; 8471*

 

ISS 10-16: 17%

ISS 10-16: 16313; 10330

ISS 17-25: 12%

ISS 17-25: 25780; 16123

1SS26-75: 11%

ISS 26- 75: 38426; 27297

Total: 17295+/-21546; 9782* (6580-17812)

Christensen (2008)

UK

1365

Penetrating

ISS 1-8:16%

ISS 1-8: 11798;

 

ISS 9-15: 50%

8580*

ISS 16-24: 15%

ISS 9-15: 10952; 8568*

ISS 25-45: 16%

ISS 16-24: 17155; 13099*

ISS 46-75: 41%

ISS 25-45: 22408; 13386*

ISS 46-75: 29832; 19551*

Total: 14488; 9932* (5976-16034)

Zarzaur (2010)

USA

1914

Blunt

23.3 +/- 7.2

11541 +/-18681 5620*

 

Rowell (2011)

Australia

72

Polytrauma

28.13+/-9.92

43547 34350*

 
  1. *Median costs, Blood alcohol level (BAL), Gunshot wounds (GSW), Stab wounds (SW), Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Trauma Intensive Care Unit (TICU).