Table 1 Outcomes for SMARTSteps, a quasi-experimental evaluation trial of a language-concordant automated telephone diabetes self-management health plan intervention

Functional status

SF-12 [51]

Days confined to bed due to illness

Secondary outcome variables

Diabetes self-management behaviors

Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure [52]

Self-reported medication adherence

Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) measure [52]

Diabetes self-efficacy

Patient self-management scale derived from questionnaire used in the Diabetes Quality Improvement Project [54]

Patient-centeredness of care

Patient Assessment of Care for Chronic Conditions (PACIC) [55]

Interpersonal processes of care (IPC) [56]

Glycemic control

Hemoglobin A1c

Blood pressure control

Systolic and diastolic blood pressure

Cholesterol control

Low-density lipoprotein

Quality of care

Proportions receiving hemoglobin A1c and blood pressure measurement within 6 months [43, 47]

Proportions receiving LDL and microalbumin/creatinine measurement within 12 months [43, 47]

Proportion receiving retinal examination within 12 months [43, 47]

Proportion receiving influenza and pneumococcal vaccination [43, 47]

Utilization

Emergency department

Hospitalization