Table 3 Maternal health care and economic characteristics from 2006 and 2009 survey

Maternal characteristics

Maternal age (mean ± SD)

27.20 ± 4.60

26.95 ± 4.57

28.29 ± 5.26

28.12 ± 5.48

Maternal education years (mean ± SD)

6.58 ± 2.97

7.58 ± 2.70**

6.13 ± 3.22

7.25 ± 2.92**

Husband education years (mean ± SD)

7.80 ± 2.26

8.45 ± 2.25**

7.53 ± 2.29

8.21 ± 2.46**

Previous adverse pregnant outcome (n/percent)

65/5.3

284/31.7**

98/8.9

184/29.7**

Systematic antenatal care (n/percent)

400/32.6

400/44.6**

430/39.1

342/55.3**

Numbers of ultrasonic examination (mean ± SD)

2.09 ± 1.39

2.94 ± 1.48**

3.05 ± 1.56

3.81 ± 1.75**

Fetal characteristics

First baby (n/percent)

901/73.6

634/70.8

688/62.7

396/64.0

Big baby (n/percent)

139/11.3

118/13.2

83/7.6

35/5.7

Male baby (n/percent)

630/51.3

501/55.9*

604/55.0

312/50.4

Preterm baby (n/percent)

80/6.5

88/9.8**

60/5.5

46/7.4

Economic characteristics

Household annual income per capita (mean ± SD)

5035.3 ± 3940.2

7631.1 ± 7900.3**

5134.6 ± 3514.3

7340.1 ± 5521.8

Participation in NCMS (n/percent)

938/76.4

765/85.4**

-

507/81.9

Average costs for hospital delivery (yuan) (mean ± SD)

Vaginal delivery

1050.3 ± 709.6

1424.5 ± 902.8**

1346.1 ± 665.2

1526.0 ± 721.6

Caesarean delivery

2796.2 ± 1494.5

3544.9 ± 2465.8**

2433.6 ± 1220.0

2510.6 ± 1404.9

Total costs for hospital delivery (yuan) (mean ± SD)^#

Vaginal delivery

1030.8 ± 731.9

1463.8 ± 812.1**

-

1574.0 ± 868.4

Caesarean delivery

2755.4 ± 1564.8

3541.0 ± 2623.7**

-

2488.8 ± 1433.5

NCMS reimbursement (yuan) (mean ± SD)^#

Vaginal delivery

133.4 ± 159.4

286.8 ± 311.5**

-

251.1 ± 155.0

Caesarean delivery

575.0 ± 322.5

581.8 ± 394.3**

-

266.7 ± 177.1

Household out-of-pocket payment (yuan) (mean ± SD)^#

Vaginal delivery

896.6 ± 671.6

1177.0 ± 975.4**

-

1322.9 ± 884.8

Caesarean delivery

2180.3 ± 1600.1

2959.2 ± 2505.4**

-

2222.0 ± 1439.5