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Table 3 Crude and adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the association between HPSA residence (reference: non-HPSA residence) and awareness, treatment or control of hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, stratified by insurance status

From: Awareness and management of chronic disease, insurance status, and health professional shortage areas in the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke (REGARDS): a cross-sectional study

 

INSURED

UNINSURED

  

CRUDE

ADJUSTED †

 

CRUDE

ADJUSTED †

  

Odds ratio

95% Confidence interval

Odds ratio

95% Confidence interval

 

Odds ratio

95% Confidence interval

Odds ratio

95% Confidence interval

 

n

Lower limit

Upper limit

Lower limit

Upper limit

n

Lower limit

Upper limit

Lower limit

Upper limit

HYPERTENSION‡ (n = 12736)

              

Awareness*

11451

0.91

0.76

1.08

0.88

0.74

1.06

830

1.40

0.72

2.71

2.30

1.08

4.89

Treatment

10916

0.87

0.67

1.13

0.85

0.64

1.12

751

1.86

0.78

4.43

1.95

0.76

4.98

Control

6364

0.86

0.76

0.97

0.92

0.81

1.04

698

0.53

0.36

0.77

0.45

0.29

0.71

DIABETESβ (n = 4884)

              

Awareness

4407

0.95

0.71

1.26

0.97

0.70

1.19

350

1.24

0.57

2.67

1.43

0.50

2.63

Treatment

3575

1.30

1.02

1.66

1.31

1.01

1.71

299

1.16

0.57

2.39

1.32

0.55

3.17

Control

1441

0.88

0.72

1.08

0.90

0.72

1.11

243

0.97

0.51

1.81

1.11

0.54

2.28

HYPERLIPIDEMIAλ (n = 14053)

              

Awareness

10416

0.89

0.79

1.00

0.89

0.79

1.01

896

1.38

0.97

1.97

1.50

1.01

2.22

Treatment

6599

0.98

0.87

1.11

0.97

0.85

1.11

553

1.31

0.87

1.98

1.18

0.73

1.92

Control

5118

0.83

0.69

0.98

0.84

0.70

1.02

292

0.76

0.43

1.34

0.72

0.37

1.41

  1. *Insurance status: Defined as whether participants have any type of insurance.
  2. HPSA: Health Professional Shortage Area.
  3. ‡Hypertension was defined as having a blood pressure ≥ 140/90 or (≥ 130/80 or greater if the participant also had diabetes or chronic kidney disease, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/min/1.73 m2), or report of being told by a doctor or nurse they had hypertension.
  4. βDiabetes was defined as a fasting blood sugar ≥126 mg/dL, having been told by a doctor or nurse they had diabetes, or treatment with a diabetes medication.
  5. λHyperlipidemia was defined as cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL, having been told by a doctor or nurse they had high cholesterol, or treatment with a cholesterol medication.
  6. †Adjusted for age, race, gender, income, education, alcohol use, tobacco use, exercise, medication adherence, BMI category, urban group, and comorbid chronic condition(hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia).
  7. (hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia).