Skip to main content

Table 5 The amount of informal payments to medical staff in outpatient and inpatient health care services

From: Informal payments and intra-household allocation of resources for health care in Albania

 

Outpatient Service

Inpatient Service

 

Nuclear household

Extended household

Difference (nuclear- extended)

Nuclear household

Extended household

Difference (nuclear- extended)

Spouse of the household

0.278

(0.410)

0.362

(0.413)

-0.084

1.953***

(0.688)

-1.186*

(0.711)

3.139***

Children of the household

-0.214

(0.359)

-0.110

(0.198)

-0.104

-0.113

(0.620)

-0.460

(0.507)

0.347

(Household head)

          

Number of children into the household

-0.066**

(0.029)

-0.045

(0.028)

-0.021

-0.153***

(0.051)

-0.188***

(0.061)

0.035

Sudden illness

-0.230***

(0.077)

-0.051

(0.069)

-0.179

-0.090

(0.162)

-0.415**

(0.200)

0.326

Year of the survey (year 2002 = 0; year 2005 = 1)

0.117

(0.079)

-0.005

(0.080)

0.122

0.119

(0.146)

-0.058

(0.178)

0.177

Health insurance

-0.170**

(0.079)

-0.226***

(0.076)

0.056

-0.277*

(0.153)

-0.161

(0.188)

-0.116

ln income per capita

-0.055

(0.034)

-0.001

(0.032)

-0.055

-0.014

(0.059)

0.088

(0.066)

-0.102

Living in rural area

0.227***

(0.084)

-0.005

(0.081)

0.231**

-0.129

(0.155)

0.054

(0.195)

-0.183

Method to raise money - borrowing money

-0.112

(0.074)

0.071

(0.071)

-0.184*

-0.144

(0.136)

-0.148

(0.167)

0.004

Method to raise money - animal, products & valuable

-0.113

(0.094)

0.251***

(0.086)

-0.365***

0.141

(0.182)

0.103

(0.212)

0.038

(Other method to raise money)

          

Age of the household head

-0.007

(0.006)

0.005**

(0.002)

-0.011**

0.007

(0.010)

-0.011***

(0.004)

0.017*

Age of the household spouse

-0.008

(0.005)

-0.007

(0.007)

-0.001

-0.030***

(0.009)

0.001

(0.012)

-0.031**

Age of the household child

-0.001

(0.010)

-0.010

(0.011)

0.008

0.037**

(0.019)

0.017

(0.018)

0.020

Gender of the household head

-0.312

(0.202)

-0.037

(0.158)

-0.276

0.427

(0.360)

0.409

(0.566)

0.019

Gender of the household child

-0.136

(0.120)

0.213

(0.193)

-0.349*

0.097

(0.252)

0.160

(0.496)

-0.063

Level of education of the hh head1

0.099**

(0.045)

-0.107**

(0.044)

0.205***

0.132

(0.082)

0.253*

(0.144)

-0.121

Level of education of the hh spouse

0.044

(0.047)

0.164*

(0.093)

-0.120

0.077

(0.081)

0.569***

(0.163)

-0.492***

Level of education of the hh child

0.183**

(0.086)

0.269

(0.164)

-0.086

0.246

(0.166)

0.203

(0.239)

0.043

Constant

6.371***

(0.461)

5.501***

(0.296)

0.870

5.979***

(0.765)

6.058***

(0.569)

-0.079

R2

0.1092

0.1163

 

0.1170

0.1440

 

Number of observations

521

361

 

438

316

 
  1. 1 Level of education is represented as a categorical variable where: (0) "Without education"; (1) "Primary education"; (2) " Secondary education"; (4) "University education"; (5) "Postgraduate education"
  2. Notes: All series with 2002 prices. *** p < 0.01, ** p < 0.05, * p < 0.1. Standard errors and reference categories are in brackets.
Back to article page

BMC Health Services Research

ISSN: 1472-6963

Contact us