| Service component | Male dementia patients (n = 2,328) | Female dementia patients (n = 6,819) | p-values | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |  | Users (as a %) | Cost per user (in €) | Cost per patient (in €) | Users (as a %) | Cost per user (in €) | Cost per patient (in €) | Probability of service use | Cost per user |
Approach 1 one-step model | Costs of formal care* | 100.0 | 12,648 | 12,648 | 100.0 | 12,209 | 12,209 | / | 0.17 |
 |  Health insurance expenditures* | 100.0 | 6,465 | 6,465 | 100.0 | 5,558 | 5,558 | / | 0.002 |
 |  Medication | 99.4 | 1,394 | 1,394 | 99.5 | 1,277 | 1,277 | / | 0.12 |
 |   including anti-dementia drugs | 18.8 | 782 | 127 | 14.0 | 770 | 115 | 0.12 | 0.70 |
 |  General practitioner | 100.0 | 650 | 650 | 99.5 | 638 | 638 | / | 0.18 |
Approach 2 two-part- model |  Medical specialist | 88.2 | 675 | 595 | 79.1 | 447 | 363 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
 |  Hospital treatment | 46.3 | 5,959 | 2,790 | 41.0 | 5,308 | 2,157 | 0.0005 | 0.01 |
 |  Non-physician services | 28.3 | 839 | 225 | 26.5 | 677 | 190 | 0.25 | 0.03 |
 |  Medical aids | 56.9 | 508 | 301 | 68.8 | 534 | 349 | <0.0001 | 0.05 |
 |  Home health care | 14.3 | 1,761 | 266 | 17.9 | 2,461 | 392 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
 |  Rehabilitation | 5.2 | 3,307 | 170 | 4.6 | 3,459 | 164 | 0.81 | 0.21 |
 |  Long-term care services* | 59.3 | 9,027 | 5,935 | 68.3 | 10,267 | 6,467 | 0.065 | <0.0001 |