Excess costs of dementia disorders and the role of age and gender - an analysis of German health and long-term care insurance claims data

Table 3 Probability of service use and annual costs per user adjusted for age and gender

	Service component	Dementia patients (n = 9,147)		Non-demented control subjects (n = 29.741)		p-values
		Users (as a %)	Cost per user (in €)	Users (as a %)	Cost per user (in €)	p 1 probability of service use	p 2 cost per user
Approach 1 one-step model	Costs of formal care*	100.0	12,343	96.5	4,034	/	<0.0001
	Health insurance expenditures*	*100.0*	*5,813*	*96.4*	*3,256*	/	<0.0001
	Medication	99.5	1,312	93.5	671	/	<0.0001
	including anti-dementia drugs (two-step)	15.2	764	0.0	0
	General practitioner	99.4	641	93.7	367	/	<0.0001
Approach 2 two-part model	Medical specialist	81.4	517	81.0	524	0.0009	0.47
	Hospital treatment	42.5	5,504	28.2	4,697	<0.0001	<0.0001
	Non-physician services	27.0	720	21.6	390	<0.0001	<0.0001
	Medical aids	65.2	538	35.6	293	<0.0001	<0.0001
	Home health care	17.0	2,254	6.3	2,118	<0.0001	0.14
	Rehabilitation	4.8	3,416	4.8	3,135	0.9	0.0036
	*Long-term care services*	*66.0*	*9,918*	*12.9*	*5,483*	<0.0001	<0.0001

Data derive from one-step and two-step Generalized Linear Models with dementia as the coefficient of interest.
Significance at the patient level is estimated based on p1 and p2 in the two-part models and based on p2 in the one-step models.
p1 derives from the logistic model (approach 2, step 1) and p2 derives from the gamma model (approach 2, step 2 and approach 1).
* Results of model estimation; the addition of mean costs per category yields slightly different figures.

ISSN: 1472-6963