Table 2 Bivariate associations between maternal morbidity and potential risk factors
From: Male responsibility and maternal morbidity: a cross-sectional study in two Nigerian states
Variable | Bauchi | Cross River | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | With problem with factor | With problem without factor | OR (95% CIca) | With problem with factor | With problem without factor | OR (95% CIca) |
Urban | 22.5% 274/1219 | 18.1% 1155/6378 | 1.31 (1.00-1.72) | 45.7% 1093/2393 | 43.9% 2097/4777 | 1.07 (0.90-1.28) |
Any formal education | 22.5% 374/1660 | 17.7% 1046/5903 | 1.35 (1.10-1.66) | 44.8% 2971/6637 | 41.5% 290/496 | 1.14 (0.94-1.39) |
Married | 18.7% 1382/7393 | 22.6% 44/195 | 0.79 (0.57-1.09) | 44.2% 2608/5896 | 45.6% 577/1264 | 0.94 (0.82-1.09) |
Food security in last week | 18.2% 1239/6824 | 24.8% 186/749 | 0.67 (0.55-0.81) | 42.9% 2502/5835 | 51.6% 682/1321 | 0.70 (0.63-0.78) |
Remunerated employment | 20.7% 753/3629 | 17.1% 668/3909 | 1.27 (1.08-1.50) | 45.9% 1931/4207 | 42.5% 1254/2954 | 1.15 (1.02-1.30) |
Low risk age for pregnancy (18-35 yrs) | 18.7% 1186/6356 | 19.7% 242/1226 | 0.93 (0.79-1.10) | 45.1% 2832/6274 | 40.0% 356/890 | 1.23 (1.06-1.43) |
Times pregnant (1-3 pregnancies) | 16.5% 605/3658 | 20.9% 798/3827 | 0.75 (0.65-0.87) | 44.4% 1945/4385 | 44.7% 1233/2761 | 0.99 (0.90-1.08) |
Female headed household | 25.4% 15/59 | 18.8% 1251/6672 | 1.48 (0.73-3.00) | 50.6% 159/314 | 48% 1479/3079 | 1.16 (0.94-1.42) |
Non-crowded households (2/room or less) | 19.9% 487/2451 | 18.4% 870/4719 | 1.10 (0.94-1.28) | 46.7% 652/1395 | 49.1% 1229/2501 | 0.86 (0.76-0.97) |
Know any danger in pregnancy | 20.1% 817/4065 | 17.3% 596/3441 | 1.20 (1.06-1.36) | 44.5% 2035/4577 | 44.6% 1151/2583 | 1.00 (0.90-1.10) |
Know danger signs in childbirth | 20.2% 817/4042 | 17.2% 592/3445 | 1.22 (1.07-1.39) | 47.2% 1600/3389 | 42.0% 1583/3765 | 1.23 (1.10-1.38) |
Believe women should give up heavy work in pregnancy | 17.4% 511/2938 | 19.7% 914/4646 | 0.86 (0.75-0.98) | 44.7% 1217/2720 | 44.3% 2476/4448 | 1.02 (0.91-1.14) |
Believe it's not okay for pregnant women to smoke cigarettes | 18.2% 1100/6046 | 21.2% 326/1536 | 0.83 (0.70-0.98) | 45.8% 3467/6393 | 34.1% 261/765 | 1.63 (1.36-1.95) |
Believe women without birth problems still need to deliver at a health facility | 19.2% 526/2742 | 18.6% 899/4843 | 1.04 (0.89-1.21) | 45.2% 2305/5105 | 42.8% 879/2052 | 1.10 (0.99-1.22) |
Intention: If pregnant next year, would give up heavy work | 18.4% 515/2800 | 19.4% 849/4381 | 0.94 (0.83-1.06) | 45.2% 1573/3477 | 43.8% 1614/3681 | 1.06 (0.94-1.19) |
Intention: If pregnant next year, would not smoke cigarettes | 18.6% 1387/7443 | 26.3% 35/133 | 0.64 (0.38-1.07) | 44.5% 3170/7120 | 33.3% (26/39) | 1.61 (0.77-3.33) |
Involved in decisions regarding pregnancy/childbirth | 45.0% 18/40 | 18.7% 1404/7514 | 3.56 (1.98-6.39) | 46.9% 849/1811 | 43.7% 2335/5340 | 1.14 (1.00-1.28) |
Spoke about pregnancy primarily with husband | 20.1% 802/3956 | 17.3% 546/3156 | 1.20 (1.06-1.37) | 42.8% 1006/2349 | 45.4% 2115/4654 | 0.90 (0.80-1.01) |
Say they were not ever beaten | 18.4% 1332/7236 | 28.2% 89/316 | 0.58 (0.41-0.81) | 42.4% 2414/5695 | 53.1% 745/1403 | 0.65 (0.58-0.73) |
Say they were not beaten in pregnancy | 18.9% 1357/7183 | 24.6% 46/187 | 0.71 (0.48-1.07) | 43.3% 2732/6307 | 53.8% 415/772 | 0.66 (0.56-0.77) |
Say they were not afraid of their husbands | 18.6% 933/5018 | 19.1% 486/2538 | 0.96 (0.81-1.15) | 43.0% 2062/4795 | 47.6% 1096/2304 | 0.83 (0.73-0.94) |
Reduced workload before third trimester | 22.5% 318/1416 | 18.0% 1084/6023 | 1.32 (1.10-1.58) | 42.7% 1424/3334 | 45.9% 1444/3149 | 0.88 (0.79-0.98) |
Had four or more antenatal check-ups | 22.0% 650/2952 | 16.9% 726/4300 | 1.39 (1.19-1.62) | 44.1% 1418/3218 | 45.4% 1628/3582 | 0.95 (0.84-1.06) |
Took iron-folate at least one trimester | 20.8% 496/2385 | 17.5% 850/4847 | 1.23 (1.06-1.44) | 44.8% 1300/2904 | 44.8% 1155/3470 | 1.00 (0.90-1.11) |
Urine checked at antenatal clinic | 21.4% 619/2891 | 17.5% 758/4324 | 1.28 (1.07-1.54) | 43.0% 1890/4400 | 47.1% 1271/2700 | 0.85 (0.74-0.96) |
Blood pressure checked at antenatal clinic | 20.8% 892/4294 | 16.6% 492/2965 | 1.32 (1.09-1.60) | 43.4% 2256/5204 | 47.6% 898/1885 | 0.84 (0.72-0.98) |
Qualified person at delivery at health facility | 28.0% 321/1147 | 16.8% 1046/6211 | 1.92 (1.59-2.31) | 41.8% 1322/3162 | 46.8% 1816/3882 | 0.82 (0.72-0.93) |
Did not experience female circumcision | 18.5% 1121/6074 | 23.8% 176/741 | 0.73 (0.58-0.90) | 42.6% 1851/4346 | 47.6% 1323/2779 | 0.82 (0.73-0.91) |