From: Economic burden of illness of acute coronary syndromes: medical and productivity costs
Variables | MM n = 4,894 | PCI n = 4,729 | CABG n = 864 | p-value* |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean (SD) | 54.3 (7.3) | 54.8 (6.6) | 56.5 (5.7) | a,b,c |
Age group (%) | ||||
   18-34 years | 1.6 | 0.7 | 0.1 | a,b,c |
   35-44 years | 9.1 | 7.1 | 3.8 |  |
   45-54 years | 32.3 | 34.0 | 28.0 |  |
   55-64 years | 57.0 | 58.2 | 68.1 |  |
Gender (%) | ||||
   Female | 42.2 | 21.0 | 22.1 | b,c |
Plan Type (%) | ||||
   Comprehensive | 19.1 | 17.0 | 19.4 | b,c |
   HMO | 21.0 | 16.0 | 14.0 |  |
   PPO | 46.9 | 52.6 | 52.7 |  |
   POS | 12.5 | 13.7 | 13.2 |  |
   Unknown | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.7 |  |
Region (%) | ||||
   Northeast | 8.2 | 7.0 | 5.7 | n.s. |
   Northcentral | 35.6 | 36.2 | 35.9 |  |
   South | 40.0 | 41.2 | 44.7 |  |
   West | 15.9 | 15.2 | 13.4 |  |
   Unknown | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 |  |
Comorbidities (%) | ||||
   Diabetes without chronic complications | 25.0 | 18.2 | 24.9 | a,b |
   Diabetes with chronic complications | 3.1 | 1.4 | 2.1 | b |
   Congestive heart failure | 7.5 | 2.0 | 2.4 | b,c |
   Cerebrovascular disease | 7.0 | 3.2 | 4.4 | b,c |
   Peripheral vascular disease | 3.4 | 1.8 | 1.9 | b,c |
   Renal disease | 3.4 | 1.3 | 1.6 | b,c |
   Rheumatologic disease | 2.1 | 1.3 | 1.7 | b |
   Peptic ulcer disease | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | n.s. |
   Chronic pulmonary disease | 14.2 | 10.2 | 8.8 | b,c |
   Any malignancy | 4.4 | 3.4 | 3.7 | b |
   Metastatic solid tumor | 0.6 | 0.3 | 0.1 | b |
   Mild liver disease | 0.6 | 0.2 | 0.2 | b |
   Moderate or severe liver disease | 0.2 | 0.06 | 0.1 | b |
   AIDS | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0 | n.s. |
   Dementia | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | n.s. |
   Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 0.2 | 0.02 | 0.1 | b |
Mean (SD) Charlson Comorbidity Score | 0.75 (1.16) | 0.48 (0.89) | 0.56 (0.88) | a,b,c |
MI listed as the primary diagnosis (%) | 34.2 | 69.9 | 57.9 | a,b,c |
Length of stay (days) | ||||
   Mean (SD) | 1.63 (3.01) | 3.14 (2.41) | 8.65 (5.15) | a,b,c |
   Median | 1 | 3 | 8 |  |
   75th percentile | 2 | 4 | 10 |  |
Mortality rate at hospital discharge | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.2 | n.s. |