Skip to main content

Table 2 Conceptual Frameworks Identified for Scaling Up Health Services

From: Do we have the right models for scaling up health services to achieve the Millennium Development Goals?

Name of Framework

Description of Framework

Year of Publication

A Learning Process Approach [21]

A model that describes a learning process to building program strategies and organizational competence. It suggests that a new program should progress through three developmental stages in which the focal concern is successively on learning to be effective, learning to be efficient, and learning to expand.

1980

Alternative Strategies for Scaling Up NGOs [22]

A model that describes four dimensions of scaling up of programs and organizations: (i) quantitative, (ii) functional, (iii) political and (iv) organizational development.

1995

Diffusion of Innovations [23]

Diffusion of innovations theory seeks to explain how, why, and at what rate new ideas and technology spread through cultures. The four main elements involve: (i) the innovation, (ii) communication channels, (iii) time and (iv) a social system

1995

SEED-Scale [24]

A model involving three principles for scaling up: (i) forming a three way partnership of community members, officials and experts, (ii) basing action on locally specific data, (iii) using a community work plan to change collective behavior

2002

Scaling Up Management (SUM) Framework [25]

A framework for those planning, implementing and funding pilot projects with the intention of scaling up. The three steps include: (i) developing a scaling up plan, (ii) establishing the pre-conditions for scaling up and (iii) implementing the scaling up process based on the identification of factors that can promote extension and sustainability

2003

Expandnet Framework [20]

A framework that presents the scaling up process within a systems context involving the following components: (i) determining the innovation, (ii) identifying the user organization, (iii) defining and analyzing the environment, (iv) identifying the resource team. It also involves identifies the need for considering the role of: (i) policy/legal/political scaling up, (ii) physical expansion of services and programs, (iii) diversification, and (iv) spontaneous scaling up

2008