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Table 1 Task and information tool definitions

From: How much time do nurses have for patients? a longitudinal study quantifying hospital nurses' patterns of task time distribution and interactions with health professionals

Work Task

Definition

Direct Care

Tasks directly involved with patient care, eg direct communication with patient &/or family, bathing, applying dressings, nursing procedures etc.

Indirect Care

All tasks indirectly related to patient care, eg reviewing results, planning care, washing hands, reviewing documentation, returning equipment

Medication Tasks

All tasks associated with medication, includes preparation, administration, documentation, discussion & clarification

Documentation

Documentation (paper and electronic), excludes medication documentation

Professional Communication

All non-medication related communication with another health professional includes ward & patient handover. Excludes medication related discussion

communication

Ward Related

Activities

Ward activities, includes coordinating beds & staffing

In Transit

Time between tasks and between patients. Excludes movement between patients in a shared room and movement within a single room

Supervision

Supervising others, including students

Social

All non work communication, eg meal/tea breaks, personal calls

Other

Any other task not included above

Information Tools Used

 

Permanent Record

Tasks involving the writing/reading of information in a patient's permanent paper medical record, including: progress notes, request forms, medication chart, observation chart, nursing care plans

Paper

Tasks involving writing on temporary paper notes, eg bedlist, handover sheet, little notebook

Desktop Personal Computer (PC)

Tasks involving the use of a computer for information searching, retrieval and documentation

Phone

Tasks involving using the telephone