Skip to main content

Table 1 Characteristics and medical utilization in the case and control groups

From: Long-term medical utilization following ventilator-associated pneumonia in acute stroke and traumatic brain injury patients: a case-control study

 

Total

(n = 2,802)

Case group (n = 943)

Control group (n = 1,868)

p-value

Basic characteristics

    

Age a, mean ± SD

65.8 ± 15.1

65.8 ± 15.1

65.8 ± 15.04

N.A.

Gender b, n (%)

   

N.A.

   Female

912(32.5)

304(32.5)

608(32.5)

 

   Male

1,890(67.5)

630(67. 5)

1,260(67. 5)

 

Diagnosis at hospitalization b, n (%)

   

N.A.

   Traumatic brain injury

627(22.4)

209(22.4)

418(22.4)

 

   Acute hemorrhagic stroke

1,215(43.4)

405(43.4)

810(43.4)

 

   Acute ischemic stroke

960(34.2)

320(34.2)

640(34.2)

 

Hospital size b, n (%)

   

N.A.

   Medical center

1,284(45.8)

428(45.8)

856(45.8)

 

   Regional hospital

1,302(46.5)

434(46.5)

868(46.5)

 

   District hospital

216(7.7)

72(7.7)

144(7.7)

 

Chronic respiratory disease history b, n (%)

   

0.751

   No

2,159(77.1)

723(77.4)

1,436(76.9)

 

   Yes

643(22.9)

211(22.6)

432(23.1)

 

Ventilation days a, mean ± SD

13.8 ± 10.2

16.1 ± 10.5

12.7 ± 9.9

<0.001

Number of Elixhauser comorbidities a, mean ± SD

1.8 ± 1.7

1.8 ± 1.7

1.8 ± 1.7

0.841

Utilizations during the index hospitalization

    

   Hospitalization expenses a, mean ± SD

12,883 ± 9,016

14,063 ± 8,999

12,294 ± 8,969

<0.001

   Hospitalization days a, mean ± SD

42.4 ± 32.7

45.6 ± 33.2

40.8 ± 32.34

<0.001

   ICU days a, mean ± SD

17.7 ± 12.3

20.8 ± 12.9

16.2 ± 11.6

<0.001

Utilizations during the follow-up period

    

   Hospitalization expenses a, mean ± SD

16,050 ± 23,000

17,840 ± 23,354

15,156 ± 22,774

0.004

   Outpatient expenses a, mean ± SD

3,274 ± 4,663

3,120 ± 4,863

3,350 ± 4,559

0.218

   Total medical expenses a, mean ± SD

19,324 ± 22,694

20,960 ± 23,114

18,507 ± 22,442

0.007

   Number of ER visits a, mean ± SD

1.7 ± 2.6

1.7 ± 2.6

1.7 ± 2.6

0.509

   Number of readmissions a, mean ± SD

4.2 ± 4.5

4.6 ± 4.6

4.0 ± 4.5

0.003

   Hospitalization days a, mean ± SD

111.1 ± 170.7

123.6 ± 174.3

104.8 ± 168.6

0.006

   ICU days a, mean ± SD

3.9 ± 11.0

4.7 ± 11.9

3.6 ± 10.5

0.007

  1. a t-test; b chi-square test
  2. N.A. Not applicable