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Table 2 Description of study hospitalizations in derivation cohort

From: The Procedural Index for Mortality Risk (PIMR): an index calculated using administrative data to quantify the independent influence of procedures on risk of hospital death

 

Entire Cohort (n = 137 730)

Died in Hospital (n = 4 013)

Discharged Alive (n = 133 717)

Mean age (SD)

58.9 (18.4)

72.8 (14.6)

58.5 (18.3)

Female, n (%)

71 724 (52.1)

18.7 (46.5)

69 856 (52.2)

Urgent admission, n (%)

54 400 (39.5)

3 824 (95.3)

50 576 (37.8)

Surgical service, n (%)

89 586 (65.0)

821 (20.5)

88 765 (66.4)

Median Elixhauser score16 (IQR)

0 (0-4)

10 (4-16)

0 (0-3)

Mean LAPS at admission* (SD)

11.6 (22.3)

52.4 (32.9)

10.4 (20.7)

Median risk of death at admission (IQR)**

0.0011 (0.0001-0.0135)

0.1896 (0.0869-0.3517)

0.0009 (0.0001-0.0109)

Most Common Procedures, n (%)

   

   Lens excision

18571 (13.5%)

0 (0.0%)

18571 (13.9%)

   Angioplasty

4177 (3.0%)

68 (1.7%)

4109 (3.1%)

   Pharmacotherapy, total body

3652 (2.7%)

93 (2.3%)

3559 (2.7%)

   Respiratory ventilation

3236 (2.3%)

682 (17.0%)

2554 (1.9%)

   Repair, muscles of the chest and abdomen

3169 (2.3%)

24 (0.6%)

3145 (2.4%)

   Partial hysterectomy

2628 (1.9%)

0 (0.0%)

2628 (2.0%)

   Installation of external appliance, circulatory system NEC

2514 (1.8%)

104 (2.6%)

2410 (1.8%)

   Total excision of vitreous

2385 (1.7%)

0 (0.0%)

2385 (1.8%)

   Pharmacotherapy (local), vessels of heart

2182 (1.6%)

26 (0.6%)

2156 (1.6%)

   Total hysterectomy

2211-5 (1.6%)

< = 5 (0.0%)

2210 (1.7%)

  1. *Laboratory Acute Physiology Score (LAPS). The LAPS is based on 14 laboratory test results obtained in the 24 hours prior to the index day. For people undergoing one of the procedures considered in the model (see additional file 2), the index day was the day of the procedure. For all others, the index day was the day of admission. Increasing degrees of physiologic derangement are reflected in a higher LAPS, which is a continuous variable that can range between a minimum of zero and a theoretical maximum of 256.
  2. ** Predicted using Kaiser-Permanente in-patient risk model [7].