Table 3 Cross-sectional studies with one point of measurement after introduction of QOF
From: The equity dimension in evaluations of the quality and outcomes framework: A systematic review
Study | Study design | Condition/Indicator | Cross sectional analysis after introduction of the Quality and Outcomes Framework |
|---|---|---|---|
Deprivation | Â | Â | Â |
Ashworth 2007b. Social deprivation and statin prescribing: a cross sectional analysis using data from the new UK general practitioner 'Quality and Outcomes framework' | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Prescription of statins (corrected for the prevalence of CVD and diabetes) | Pro deprived practices |
Gulliford 2007 Achievement of metabolic targets for diabetes by English primary care practices under a new system of incentives | Cross sectional Post contract 2005 | Hba1c achievement | Pro less deprived |
Millet 2007c Diabetes prevalence, process of care and outcomes in relation to practice size, caseload and deprivation: national cross sectional study in primary care | Cross sectional Post contract Exact year not specified | 18 diabetes indicators | Pro less deprived |
Saxena 2007 practice size, caseload, deprivation and quality of care of patients with coronary heart disease, hypertension and stroke in primary care: national cross sectional study | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Prevalence CHD 26 CHD indicators | Equal prevalence Pro less deprived for process indicators requiring referral |
Strong 2006 Socioeconomic deprivation, coronary heart disease prevalence and quality of care: a practice level analysis in Rotherham using data from the new UK general practitioner Quality and Outcomes Framework | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Prevalence CHD 11 CHD indicators | Higher prevalence in deprived areas 10/11 indicators = 1/11 pro less deprived |
Sutton 2006 Determinants of primary medical care quality measured under the new UK contract: cross sectional study | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Total QOF score (corrected for practice characteristics) | Pro deprived |
Mc Lean 2006 Deprivation and quality of primary care services: evidence for persistence of the inverse care law from the UK quality and outcomes framework. | Cross sectional Post contract 2005 | 22 QOF indicators | 17/22 pro less deprived Simple process measures show less inequalities than complex process measures, intermediate outcome measures and measures of therapy |
Doran 2006 Pay for performance programs in family practices in the United Kingdom | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Overall QOF achievement scores | Pro less deprived |
Bottle Association between quality of primary care and hospitalization for coronary heart disease in England: national cross sectional study | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Hospital admission rates | Pro less deprived |
Walters Ethnic density, physical illness, social deprivation and antidepressant prescribing in primary care: ecological study | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Prescription volumes of antidepressant drugs | Higher prescription volumes in deprived groups |
Ashworth. The relationship between general practice characteristics and quality of care: a national survey of quality indicators used in the UK Quality and Outcomes Framework 2004-2005 | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Overall QOF achievement scores | Pro less deprived |
Ethnicity | Â | Â | Â |
Ashworth 2007b Social deprivation and statin prescribing: a cross sectional analysis using data from the new UK general practitioner 'Quality and Outcomes framework' | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Prescription of statins (corrected for the prevalence of CVD and diabetes) | South Asians and Afro Caribeans < Whites despite their higher need for coronary healthcare |
Gray 2007 Ethnicity and quality of diabetes care in a health system with universal coverage: population based cross sectional study in primary care | Cross sectional Post contract 2005-2006 | 13 diabetes indicators - 10 process measures - 3 outcome measures Controlled for age, sex and deprivation | process measures 6/10 = 3/10 blacks > whites 1/10 whites > blacks 2/10 SA > whites outcome measures 3/3 whites > blacks 2/3 whites > SA 1/3 SA > whites |
Gulliford 2007 Achievement of metabolic targets for diabetes by English primary care practices under a new system of incentives | Cross sectional Post contract 2005 | Hba1c | Pro whites Lower achievement rates in areas with a high proportion of ethnic minorities |
Millet 2008 Ethnic disparities in blood pressure management in patients with hypertension after the introduction of pay for performance | Cross sectional Post contract 2005-2006 | BP achievement levels Prevalence CVD | Whites > blacks SA > blacks SA > blacks SA > whites Blacks > SA Whites > SA Blacks > whites SA > whites |
Doran 2006 Pay for performance programs in family practices in the United Kingdom | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Overall QOF achievement scores | No significant differences |
Walters Ethnic density, physical illness, social deprivation and antidepressant prescribing in primary care: ecological study | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Prescription volumes of antidepressant drugs | Lower prescription volumes in populations with high Black or South Asian ethnicity |
Age | Â | Â | Â |
Ashworth 2007b Social deprivation and statin prescribing: a cross sectional analysis using data from the new UK general practitioner 'Quality and Outcomes framework' | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Prescription of statins (corrected for the prevalence of CVD and diabetes) | Pro young (< 75) |
Doran 2006 Pay for performance programs in family practices in the United Kingdom | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Overall QOF achievement scores | Pro young (< 65) |
Sex | Â | Â | Â |
Ashworth 2007b Social deprivation and statin prescribing: a cross sectional analysis using data from the new UK general practitioner 'Quality and Outcomes framework' | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Prescription of statins (corrected for the prevalence of CVD and diabetes) | 7/10 pro male |
Doran 2006 Pay for performance programs in family practices in the United Kingdom | Cross sectional Post contract 2004-2005 | Overall QOF achievement scores | = |