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Table 5 Adjusteda Multilevel Logistic Regression -- Comparison of Access Measures by Rural-Urban Status Odds Ratio (95% CI) Higher numbers indicate a higher likelihood of outcome

From: An evaluation of access to health care services along the rural-urban continuum in Canada

Statistical Area Classification

Influenza Vaccine

Self-Reported Unmet Need

Family Physician Consultation

Specialist Physician Consultation

Regular Medical Doctor

Urban - CMAb

0.97 (0.88, 1.06)

0.95 (0.84, 1.06)

1.11 (1.00, 1.22)

1.24 (1.15, 1.35)d

0.77 (0.64, 0.92)d

Urban - CAe

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

Rural - Strong MIZ

0.93 (0.84, 1.03)

0.85 (0.75, 0.97)c

0.99 (0.89, 1.11)

1.04 (0.95, 1.15)

0.96 (0.81, 1.13)

Rural - Moderate MIZ

0.93 (0.85, 1.02)

0.83 (0.75, 0.94)d

1.00 (0.90, 1.11)

0.91 (0.84, 1.00)

0.89 (0.76, 1.04)

Rural - Weak or No MIZ

0.89 (0.81, 0.98)c

0.85 (0.75, 0.96)d

1.01 (0.91, 1.12)

0.90 (0.82, 0.99)

0.62 (0.53, 0.74)d

  1. a Adjusted for chronic conditions, self-rated health status, age, marital status, educational attainment, ethnic origin, having regular medical doctor, income adequacy, having pharmaceuticals insurance, and occupation class.
  2. b CMA = Census Metropolitan Area; CA = Census Amalgamation; MIZ = Metropolitan Influence Zone
  3. c Significant at p < 0.05
  4. d Significant at p < 0.001
  5. e Reference Category