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Table 5 Maternal intervention rates and outcomes across obstetric service levels

From: Distance matters: a population based study examining access to maternity services for rural women

Service Level

240+ minutes from services

120-240 minutes from services

60-120 minutes from services

Primary care

Mixed model

Specialist C/S Services

P-Value

% of women who delivered at level 6 hospitals

75.5

67.2

86.5

30.6

18.8

95.8

< 0.001

% Epidural

19.8

17.3

16.6

13.6

17.8

23.7

< 0.001

% Induction (excl. women with planned CS)

17.4

28.4

23.5

22.0

25.5

24.4

< 0.001

% Logistics as reason for induction

2

2.1

1.5

0.7

0.2

0.3

< 0.001

% Episiotomy (vag deliveries only)

7.3

11.2

9.9

11.1

13.4

12.8

< 0.001

% CS (all types)

19

20.9

23

23.7

24.8

26.2

< 0.001

% Planned CS (primary and repeat)

5.5

8.0

8.2

9.3

9.6

9.8

0.006

% Assisted vag. delivery

6.1

6.2

7.5

8.0

9.0

7.9

0.014

% Unplanned out of hospital birth

1.4

0.3

2.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

< 0.001

Average PP length of stay (hours)

51.88

55.03

53.50

53.86

59.05

57.58

< 0.001

Average PP length of stay (hours) CS only

92.30

84.48

83.31

78.92

86.65

84.06

< 0.001

Average PP length of stay (hours) Vag delivery only

41.83

47.22

44.43

45.88

49.71

48.04

< 0.001