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Table 5 Assessment of Relations with Other Variables Validity: Correlation of CRU Items by Increasing Levels of Instrumental, Symbolic, and Overall Research Utilization

From: Validation of the conceptual research utilization scale: an application of the standards for educational and psychological testing in healthcare

CRU Item

Instrumental Research Utilization

Symbolic Research Utilization

Overall Research Utilization

 

Pearson r

Level of Research Use1

Pearson r

Level of Research Use1

Pearson r

Level of Research Use1

  

1

2

3

4

5

 

1

2

3

4

5

 

1

2

3

4

5

1

.295**

2.00

2.54

3.33

3.47

3.93

.369**

2.36

3.24

3.39

3.82

4.13

.332**

1.67

2.81

3.05

3.57

3.98

2

.263**

2.80

2.85

3.25

3.54

3.93

.361**

2.68

3.27

3.41

3.81

4.17

.279**

2.67

3.06

3.19

3.85

3.97

3

.247**

2.40

2.54

2.94

3.21

3.63

.320**

2.36

2.94

3.12

3.47

3.86

.232**

2.33

3.00

2.86

3.28

3.64

4

.233**

2.40

3.00

3.17

3.44

3.79

.339**

2.52

3.15

3.36

3.67

4.04

.278**

2.67

2.87

2.99

3.52

3.84

5

.191**

3.00

3.31

3.37

3.67

3.93

.318**

2.64

3.39

3.57

3.88

4.15

.317**

3.00

3.19

3.05

3.68

4.07

Scale Score

.294**

2.52

2.85

3.21

3.46

3.84

.406**

2.51

3.20

3.37

3.73

4.07

.342**

2.47

2.99

3.02

3.53

3.90

  1. 1 = 1'never'; 2'rarely'; 3 'occasionally'; 4 'frequently'; 5 'almost always'
  2. ** p < 0.01
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