A cross-sectional prospective study of seclusion, restraint and involuntary medication in acute psychiatric wards: patient, staff and ward characteristics

Table 2 Sample characteristics, ward variables

Ward variables:
Acute wards	28
Admission wards	4
Mean number of beds	11 (SD = 3.5)
Mean staff to bed ratio	3.5 (SD = 0.8)
Wards in urban area^a	8
Wards in rural area	24
Staff Attitude to Coercion Scale^b
Coercion as offending (mean, SD)	2.86 (SD = .24)
Coercion as care & security (mean, SD)	4.21 (SD = 1.6)
Coercion as treatment (mean, SD)	2.45 (SD = .21)

^aWard in city with more than 100 000 inhabitants
^bScale from 1 to 5 with higher ratings for greater agreement with attitude (mean score for wards)

ISSN: 1472-6963