Table 3 Association of enrolment in the DMP with patient reported process and outcome indicators, results of the logistic regression analyses
Baseline | Follow-up | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Process indicators | Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) | Significant confounders | R2 | Odds Ratio (95% confidence interval) | Significant confounders | R2 |
Participation in education course for diabetes | 3.4 (2.5-4.6) | diabetes duration (longer) | 0.173 | 2.1 (1.5-3.0) | diabetes duration (longer) | 0.118 |
≥4 encounters/year with physician | 3.3 (2.2-5.1) | None | 0.097 | 3.1 (1.8-5.3) | None | 0.071 |
Annual referral to an ophthalmologist | 3.4 (2.2-5.4) | Depr. score (lower) | 0.134 | n.s. | None | 0.066 |
≥1 referral to diabetologist/year (GP patients only) | n.s. | Age (younger) | 0.124 | n.s. | None | 0.024 |
Specialty of the attending physician: diabetologist | 2.0 (1.4-2.9) | diabetes duration (longer) | 0.090 | n.s. | None | 0.048 |
Annual foot examination | 3.1 (2.2-4.4) | None | 0.083 | 3.2 (2.0-4.9) | None | 0.082 |
Possession of a diabetes passport | 2.4 (1.7-3.2) | diabetes duration (longer) | 0.110 | 2.1 (1.5-3.0) | None | 0.058 |
Nutritional advice given by physician | n.s. | None | 0.021 | n.s. | None | 0.032 |
Physician advice given on exercising | n.s. | Age (younger) | 0.071 | n.s. | None | 0.030 |
Agreement on target value for GHb | n.s. | Age (younger) | 0.092 | n.s. | Age (younger) | 0.091 |
Agreement upon target values for blood pressure | n.s. | None | 0.015 | n.s. | None | 0.023 |
Participation in education course for hypertension | n.s. | None | 0.025 | n.s. | None | 0.018 |
Outcome Indicators | ||||||
Self-rated health (S-rh) (low) | n.s. | Depr. score (higher) | 0.165 | n.s. | Depr. score (higher), S-rh at t0 (lower) | 0.200 |
Satisfaction with medical treatment (low) | n.s. | None | 0.028 | n.s. | Satisf. with med. treatment t0 (lower) | 0.119 |
Burden of therapy (high) | n.s. | None | 0.125 | n.s. | None | 0.078 |
Self-rated ability to cope with disease (high) | n.s. | Depr. score (lower), language skills (better) | 0.120 | n.s. | Depr. score (lower) | 0.017 |
Self-reported therapy adherence (S-rta) (high) | n.s. | Age (older), language skills (better) | 0.080 | n.s. | S-rta at t0 (higher), Depr. score (lower) | 0.138 |
GHb [≥ 7.5% (≥ 8.5% for age 75+)] | n.s. | diabetes duration (longer) | 0.070 | n.s. | GHb level at t0 (high) | 0.365 |
Blood pressure (≥ 140/90 mm Hg) | n.s. | None | 0.052 | n.s. | Blood pressure at t0 (high) | 0.231 |
Body mass index (≥ 30 kg/m2) | n.s. | Age (younger), sex (female) | 0.067 | n.s. | BMI at t0 (high) | 0.726 |
Diabetic foot lesions (Dfl) | n.s. | Depr. score (higher) | 0.073 | n.s. | Dfl at t0, depr. score (higher) | 0.193 |
Present symptoms of diabetes | n.s. | Depr. score (higher) | 0.144 | n.s. | Depr. score (higher) | 0.117 |
Smoking | n.s. | Age (younger) | 0.157 | n.s. | Status as smoker at t0 | 0.808 |
Risk of hypoglycemia (high) | n.s. | None | 0.079 | n.s. | None | 0.163 |
Insulin treatment | n.s. | diabetes duration (longer) | 0.227 | n.s. | Insulin treatment at t0 | 0.839 |
Increased cardiovascular risk* | n.s. | Education (lower) | 0.097 | n.s | Increased cardiovascular risk at t0 | 0.262 |
Knowing GHb test results | 2.8 (2.0-4.0) | age (younger), language skills (better), diabetes duration (longer) | 0.186 | n.s. | Knowing GHb test results at t0 | 0.289 |
Knowing blood pressure test results | n.s. | None | 0.034 | n.s. | Knowing blood pressure at t0 | 0.216 |