Analysis 1: The overall effect of home and community-based services | Analysis 2: The effects of each type of home and community-based service | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted HR | 95% CI | p-value | Adjusted HR | 95% CI | p-value | ||
Sex | 0.007 | Sex | 0.006 | ||||
   Male | 1 |    Male | 1 | ||||
   Female | 0.749 | 0.607-0.924 |    Female | 0.742 | 0.600-0.917 | ||
Age* 1 | 0.003 | Age* 1 | 0.001 | ||||
   < 75 | 1 |    < 75 | 1 | ||||
   75 - 80 | 1.237 | 0.893-1.713 | 0.201 |    75 - 80 | 1.231 | 0.884-1.715 | 0.219 |
   80 - 85 | 1.406 | 1.023-1.934 | 0.036 |    80 - 85 | 1.436 | 1.035-1.991 | 0.030 |
   85 - 90 | 1.435 | 1.041-1.979 | 0.027 |    85 - 90 | 1.526 | 1.103-2.111 | 0.011 |
   ≧ 90 | 2.168 | 1.464-3.212 | 0.000 |    ≧ 90 | 2.261 | 1.514-3.378 | 0.000 |
Eligibility level* 1 | 0.014 | Eligibility level* 1 | 0.000 | ||||
   Support level*2 | 1 |    Support level*2 | 1 | ||||
   Care level 1·2*3 | 1.177 | 0.946-1.465 | 0.143 |    Care level 1·2*3 | 1.314 | 1.057-1.634 | 0.014 |
   Care level 3·4·5 | 1.769 | 1.199-2.611 | 0.004 |    Care level 3·4·5 | 2.154 | 1.450-3.199 | 0.000 |
Living area* 1 | 0.047 | Living area* 1 | 0.045 | ||||
   Town A | 1 |    Town A | 1 | ||||
   Town B | 0.804 | 0.648-0.997 |    Town B | 0.801 | 0.645-0.995 | ||
Year of the first certification | 0.946 | 0.902-0.992 | 0.022 | Year of the first certification | 0.942 | 0.900-0.986 | 0.011 |
Income level for determining premiums* 1 | Not Selected | Income level for determining premiums* 1 | Not Selected | ||||
Average monthly outpatient medical expenditures (yen) | 0.000 | Average monthly outpatient medical expenditures (yen) | 0.000 | ||||
   Low: 0 - 24,000 | 1 |    Low: 0 - 24,000 | 1 | ||||
   Middle: 24,000 - 53,000 | 1.226 | 0.947-1.587 | 0.122 |    Middle: 24,000 - 53,000 | 1.191 | 0.920-1.542 | 0.185 |
   High: ≧ 53,000 | 2.138 | 1.663-2.749 | 0.000 |    High: ≧ 53,000 | 2.149 | 1.668-2.769 | 0.000 |
Average monthly total home and community-based services expenditures (yen)* 4 | 0.005 | Day care* 5 | 0.088 | ||||
   0 | 1 |    Not use | 1 | ||||
   Low: 189 - 18,000 | 0.700 | 0.526-0.931 | 0.014 |    Use | 0.821 | 0.655-1.029 | |
   Middle: 18,000 - 36,000 | 0.587 | 0.436-0.791 | 0.000 | Respite care* 6 | 0.013 | ||
   High: ≧ 36,000 | 0.722 | 0.542-0.960 | 0.025 |    Not use | 1 | ||
Akaike' s Information Criteria(AIC) = 4434.401 |    Use | 0.714 | 0.547-0.931 | ||||
Rental services for assistive devices* 7 | 0.011 | ||||||
   Not use | 1 | ||||||
   Use | 0.703 | 0.537-0.921 | |||||
Home-help* 8 | Not Selected | ||||||
Visiting nurse* 7 | Not Selected | ||||||
Management & guidance* 7 | Not Selected | ||||||
Day rehabilitation* 7 | Not Selected | ||||||
AIC = 4423.682 |