Impact of home and community-based services on hospitalisation and institutionalisation among individuals eligible for long-term care insurance in Japan

Table 2 Cohort characteristics (N = 565)

		N	%
Sex	Male	195	34.5
	Female	370	65.5
	<75	97	17.2
	<65	4	0.7
	65-70	31	5.5
Age* ¹	70-75	62	11.0
	75-80	125	22.1
	80-85	166	29.4
	85-90	126	22.3
	≧90	51	9.0
	Support level*⁹	247	43.7
Eligibility level* ¹	Care level 1·2*¹⁰	272	48.1
	Care level 3·4·5	46	8.1
Living area* ¹	Town A	383	67.8
	Town B	182	32.2
	Low*¹¹	276	48.8
Income levels for determining premiums* ¹	Middle*¹²	210	37.2
	High*¹³	79	14.0
	2000	152	26.9
	2001	37	6.5
	2002	58	10.3
	2003	56	9.9
Year of the first certification	2004	54	9.6
	2005	56	9.9
	2006	75	13.3
	2007	65	11.5
	2008	12	2.1
	Low: 0-24,000	184	32.6
Average monthly outpatient medical expenditures (yen)	Middle: 24,000-53,000	189	33.5
	High: ≧53,000	192	34.0
	0	168	29.7
Average monthly total home and community-based services expenditures (yen) ^*2	Low: 189-18,000	132	23.4
	Middle: 18,000-36,000	131	23.2
	High: ≧36,000	134	23.7
	0	400	70.8
Average monthly home-visit type services expenditures (yen)* ³	Low: 36-9,000	57	10.1
	Middle: 9,000-20,000	55	9.7
	High: ≧20,000	53	9.4
	0	290	51.3
Average monthly day-care type services expenditures (yen)* ⁴	Low: 189-16,000	88	15.6
	Middle: 16,000-28,000	93	16.5
	High: ≧28,000	94	16.6
Each home and community-based service use or not
Home-help* ⁵	Use	145	25.7
Visiting nurse* ⁶	Use	51	9.0
Management & guidance* ⁶	Use	15	2.7
Day care* ⁷	Use	230	40.7
Day rehabilitation* ⁶	Use	66	11.7
Respite care* ⁸	Use	108	19.1
Rental services for assistive devices* ⁶	Use	87	15.4
Outcome
	No event before 29 Feb.2008	155	27.4
Censor	Move out	4	0.7
	Subtotal	159	28.1
	Hospitalisation	327	57.9
Event	Institutionalisation	55	9.7
	Death	24	4.2
	Subtotal	406	71.9

*1 Data when the insured person is certified as being eligible for long-term care insurance benefits for the first time.
*2 Consists of expenditures of Home-help, Home-visit bathing, Visiting nurse, Management & guidance, Day care, Day rehabilitation, Respite care and Rental service for assistive devices.
*3 Consists of expenditures of Home-help, Home-visit bathing, Visiting nurse and Management & guidance.
*4 Consists of expenditures of Day care and Day rehabilitation.
*5 Includes Home-visit bathing. After 2006, "Preventive care" and "Night care" are included.
*6 After 2006, "Preventive care" is included.
*7 After 2006, "Preventive care" and "Services for the elderly with dementia" are included.
*8 Consists of regular and medically-related Respite care. After 2006, "Preventive care" is included.
*9 After 2006, Support level means Support level 1.
*10 After 2006, Care level 1 includes Support level 2.
*11 Both individual and household exempt from community tax.
*12 Individual exempt from community tax, household pays community tax.
*13 Individual pays community tax.
All years are fiscal years; April to March.

ISSN: 1472-6963